Summary: It is understood that the National Development and Reform Commission has now included Qinghai Zhongzhong Delingha 50MW solar thermal power station project in its strategic emerging industries in 2013.
Recently, China's first industrialized solar thermal power project - Qinghai Zhongkong Solar Power Generation Co., Ltd. Delingha 50 megawatts solar tower solar thermal power station a 10MW project was formally connected to the grid. It is understood that the National Development and Reform Commission has now included the Qinghai Zhongzhong Delingha 50MW solar thermal power station project in its strategic emerging industries in 2013.
China's new energy development plan clearly puts forward the development goal of solar thermal utilization during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†and “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan†period. The solar thermal industry involves strategic emerging industries such as new energy and new materials, and it is the focus of China's future industrial development. . With the development of photovoltaics being so difficult today, the choice of photovoltaics and light and heat has aroused people's enthusiasm. In the end is the choice to save the photovoltaic? Or should we concentrate on the development of light and heat? Ma Chongfang, Dean of the School of Environmental and Energy Engineering at Beijing University of Technology, clearly stated in an interview with the China Economic Herald reporter: “Photovoltaic energy and solar thermal development can be developed. The two are complementary and not exclusive. Of course, they cannot substitute for each other. We must develop vigorously, although photovoltaics are currently difficult to develop, but they will certainly develop very well in the future.Photothermal energy has become a hot spot for investment in the world. China has no commercial operation in this regard, and its technology is not yet mature, but our country will It has developed rapidly and has become the world's leading factor. Once the industry rises, the momentum of development cannot be stopped."
Photothermal power can completely replace thermal power
Solar thermal power generation is an important aspect of solar thermal energy utilization. Dr. Li Wei, an expert from Shenzhen Ainengsen Science and Technology Co., Ltd., said in an interview with the China Economic Herald, “PV and wind energy are all intermittent energy sources and are directly generated. After the electricity, the storage problem is difficult to solve, because it is an unstable energy source, so it cannot be used as a basic electricity instead of thermal power. Solar energy is different from light and heat, which converts solar energy into heat, solves the problem of energy storage through heat storage, and generates electricity. The link can be evenly released as needed, and it actually has the effect of thermal power generation. Once the scale is increased, the cost will be reduced and thermal power generation may be completely replaced."
Ma Zhongfang clearly pointed out in an interview with the China Economic Herald reporter that solar thermal energy has various advantages. "First of all, CSP is a kind of high-quality clean power. It can use 24-hour continuous power generation with heat storage technology. Secondly, it will not exert any pressure on the power grid. Third, compared with photovoltaics, the production process of photovoltaic cells is high. Energy consumption and high pollution do not occur in solar thermal power generation. It is a green and clean energy source.
China has a favorable condition for the development of solar thermal energy
Ma Chongfang believes that "solar solar thermal power generation can certainly develop in the world, and China will become the world's leading, which is feasible in the economic, technical and political."
At present, there is a serious overcapacity in China's real estate-related industries. China's annual output of iron and steel is over 600 million tons, cement is 1.6 billion tons, and flat glass production accounts for more than half of the world, ranking first in the world. "If there is no driving by the real estate industry, these industries will be difficult to develop. However, over-reliance on the real estate economy is unhealthy." Ma Zhongfang clearly stated in an interview with the China Economic Herald that the solar thermal industry could replace the real estate industry. As an industry with a relatively wide radiation, power generation can promote the development of industries such as glass, steel, cement, and ease the unhealthy development of China's economy.
"The key to whether or not China can become the leader is to see if the Chinese people have mastered the integration of core technologies and technologies," Ma Zhongfang said. The molten salt heat transfer and heat storage technology developed by the Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Process Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education of Beijing University of Technology, led by Ma Chongfang, is the core technology of solar thermal power generation. Ma Chongfang said, “After 10 years of research and development, we The molten salt heat transfer and heat storage technology with its own intellectual property rights has been fully mastered. At the same time, if we do not invest capital in core technologies, we will not see the overall strategy, and will use our own resources.â€
At present, there are not many institutions in the world that truly master this technology. Beijing Industrial University has taken the lead in mastering the core intellectual property of this technology, not only leading in China, but also gaining international attention and high recognition.
Regarding the development of solar thermal energy, Li Wei also holds the same view. He believes that solar thermal energy, whether it is technology or prospects are very optimistic about the development of a certain scale can reach the level with the fire level price. However, as long as China seizes the opportunity, it may come from behind. “The technology of light and heat is not as high as the threshold of wind power, there is no particularly high-end manufacturing process, and engineering experience can be accumulated quickly through application. China has advantages in all aspects such as cost, manufacturing, and industry, and in the entire development industry. In the process, as long as China participates, the cost of the light and heat industry will drop at a very rapid rate. Therefore, it should not take too long and the world will produce one of the best industries in the world."
Cost is a big problem
The prospects of the solar thermal industry are consistently optimistic, but problems in the development process cannot be underestimated. In the interview with the China Economic Herald, the investment adviser of the China Investment Advisor Ren Haoning said that the cost of building solar thermal power stations is relatively high. The construction cost of photovoltaic power stations is invested at 10,000 yuan per kilowatt, and the distributed power station is 12,000 yuan per kilowatt. Thermal power station is 25,000 yuan per kilowatt. In terms of operating costs, photovoltaic power stations cost 1.1 yuan per kilowatt-hour, and solar thermal power plants cost 1.5 yuan to 2 yuan per kilowatt-hour. The price is far higher than that of photovoltaic power plants.
In this regard, Ma Chongfang has different opinions. He said that the investment price includes several hours of power generation and storage, and the use of molten salt heat storage is by far the most effective large-scale, low-cost, long-life energy storage technology, and is also a unique advantage of solar thermal power generation if it is considered. Energy storage, solar thermal power station costs are the lowest.
"At present, we do not have a mature commercial power station in operation, industrialization started late." Li Yu said in an interview with the China Economic Herald. At the same time, Li Wei believes that there is also a lack of relevant technologies and testing and certification standards for solar thermal power generation, and no competition for multiple technology routes is known. “Our application environment is different from Europe and the United States, with unique conditions such as high altitudes, alpine storms, and sandstorms. But these problems are the common problems of all emerging technologies and emerging industries, as well as opportunities and opportunities for business. Therefore, if private enterprises want to participate, the way out is through Reasonable innovation, the formation of its own core competitiveness, and the establishment of brand, scale and market advantages within a limited time, can only gain a firm foothold and avoid falling into the hardships of homogenous price competition."
Ma Zhongfang clearly stated in an interview with the China Economic Herald reporter that China has mastered the core technology and the cost of solar thermal power generation will certainly come down, even lower than the United States. However, issues such as the overall industry chain and industrial policy support are still urgently needed to be solved. At present, China's solar thermal power generation industry has not yet formed a relatively complete industrial chain, the core technology has not yet been fully grasped, and industrial policy support is not yet clear. These factors determine that the industrialization process of China's CSP power generation is relatively slow. "In the future, we should consider from the perspective of the entire industry chain, support research applications, encourage more companies to enter the CSP industry, and thus promote the rapid development of the entire industry."
Subsidy terminal electricity prices will be better
For enterprises, the relevant policies such as national encouragement subsidies are an important part of the development of enterprises. At present, there are several forms of subsidies for solar thermal power generation enterprises in the country: First, for investment operators of electricity prices, through franchise rights Bidding, subsidizing the price of electricity after the bid was won, and second, subsidizing research and development and independent innovation projects. Li Wei believes that the method of subsidizing terminal electricity prices has advantages over subsidizing one-time subsidies in the construction process of subsidizing production and manufacturing. This will lead to more rational guidance and avoid problems such as overcapacity.
The chairman of China Haiyang Energy Group Co., Ltd. has its own concerns about the development of the solar thermal industry: “First of all, China needs to develop quickly and steadily to avoid repeating the mistakes of the photovoltaic industry. The solar thermal market may start in the second half of the year. However, after the start, we must promote industrialization quickly and steadily, and avoid quick success. Second, CSP and traditional fossil fuels are not competitive, but they are integrated with symbiotic relationships. For example, they can be complemented with coal and gas power generation. Power generation; once again, the government authorities should publish some support policies such as the electricity price of CSP as soon as possible. At the same time, financial institutions should give more support to this new type of sunrise industry in the CSP industry.â€
"Compared to the developed countries, they have done many explorations of large-scale commercial power plants and have relatively mature operating experience. China still has a big gap in this respect. In addition, there are gaps in the manufacture of some components." These gaps, through learning, cooperation, and even independent innovation, should all be solved. "But there are not many compound talents in this field in our country and there is not enough experience."
Glossary
What is solar thermal power?
Solar thermal power generation refers to the use of large-scale arrays of parabolic or dish-shaped mirrors to collect solar thermal energy, provide steam through heat exchange devices, and combine conventional turbine generator technology to achieve power generation. Solar thermal power generation technology is adopted to avoid the expensive silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process, which can greatly reduce the cost of solar power generation. Moreover, this type of solar energy utilization has an advantage that other forms of solar energy conversion cannot match: solar water can be stored in huge containers and can still drive steam turbines for several hours after the sun goes down. . At present, solar thermal power generation is an important direction for the use of new energy.
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