What are the common firefighting equipment for rescue operations?

Common fire-fighting equipment can be broadly categorized into two main types. The first is used for extinguishing fires, while the second is designed to detect early signs of fire before it spreads. In addition to these, there are various personal protective equipment (PPE) items such as fire-resistant clothing, protective boots, and other gear that help firefighters stay safe during operations.

Firefighting equipment used in fire suppression includes:

1. Fire extinguishers: These come in various types, including carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚) extinguishers, 1211 extinguishers, dry powder extinguishers, acid foam extinguishers, carbon tetrachloride extinguishers, water-based extinguishers, mechanical foam extinguishers, and more. Each type is suited for different kinds of fires, such as electrical, flammable liquids, or solid materials.

2. Fire hydrants: These are divided into indoor and outdoor systems. Indoor hydrants typically include a hydrant, hose, and nozzle, while outdoor hydrants can be either above-ground or underground. They are commonly used in large industrial and petrochemical facilities. Modern systems often use high-pressure water supply and adjustable pressure hydrants to improve efficiency and safety.

3. Rescue tools: These include fire axes, cutting tools, and other equipment used for rescue operations. Other components fall under broader fire protection systems, such as automatic fire alarm systems, sprinkler systems, smoke control systems, fire barriers, emergency communication systems, gas suppression systems, and evacuation systems.

Common fire detection devices include:

1. Fire detectors: These can be temperature-sensitive, smoke detectors, combination smoke and heat detectors, ultraviolet flame detectors, combustible gas detectors, and infrared detectors. Each type is designed to identify specific fire indicators quickly.

2. Alarm buttons: Manual fire alarm buttons and fire hydrant buttons are used to trigger alarms manually when a fire is detected.

3. Alarms: These include audible and visual alarms, which alert people to the presence of a fire.

4. Fire alarm controllers: These serve as the central control unit of the fire alarm system, managing signals from detectors and initiating appropriate responses.

5. Multi-function alarm systems: These advanced systems support wired and wireless zones, allowing connection to various sensors and detectors. They can be operated remotely via phone, send alerts to monitoring centers, and offer multiple alarm signal options. These systems are designed to be more resistant to interference and lightning damage compared to older models.

The fire alarm controller typically includes a control panel, CRT monitor, direct control panel, bus operation panel, power panel, fire telephone switchboard, and emergency broadcast system, all working together to ensure timely and effective response to fire incidents.

Common personal protective equipment for firefighters includes: protective boots, fire-resistant clothing, flame-retardant gloves, air respirators, knee pads, gas masks, multi-purpose goggles, fire helmets, helmet-mounted lights, fire curtains, and more. These items are essential for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of firefighters during emergencies.