According to the Physicist Organization Network on January 16, by adopting a unique sandwich structure on the nanoscale, scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a multi-walled carbon nanotube material that can significantly increase the Reduce the flammability of foam products. The researchers said that the new technology is expected to reduce the fire caused by soft decoration by one third. Related papers are published in the professional journal Solid Films.
The new technology, invented by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States, combines multi-walled carbon nanotubes with two polymer materials like a sandwich, and stacks this three-layer material in four consecutive layers. This kind of nano material that sounds quite "heavy" is in fact not an exaggeration even if it is described as "thin as a flap" - its overall thickness is less than one percent of the diameter of human hair.
In the initial stage of the study, materials scientists Jin Yanxi and Rick Davis, who are responsible for the project, set three key goals for the new materials: full coverage of the porous surface of the foam, uniform distribution of the nanotubes, and simple and easy-to-produce manufacturing methods.
For this reason, they tested a variety of materials, hoping to improve fire resistance and delay flame spread, but their performance was not ideal. In the final test, they chose carbon nanotubes, but the material, which is made of carbon atoms like a cylindrical wire mesh, could not be firmly attached to the foam surface. To solve this problem, they chose medical carbon nanotubes, which are often used in cell culture to increase the viscosity of DNA molecules. It is characterized by an outer layer containing an amino group containing nitrogen molecules. This choice finally proved to be correct. The medical carbon nanotubes were evenly distributed in the flame retardant material and firmly “grabbed†the surface of the material with which it was in contact. In addition, this material also makes full use of the rapid heat dissipation of carbon nanotubes. In addition, even if extremely high temperatures are encountered, carbon nanotubes in the coating are completely scorched. This kind of burning layer also has a stable flame-retardant structure and can form a carbon protective layer to prevent the flame from continuing to spread.
Davis said that the new technology has a better flame retardant effect than the brominated flame retardants currently used in soft furnishings. The flammability was reduced by 35% for the foamed articles covering this CNT flame retardant material compared to the untreated ones. If it can be widely promoted, new technologies are expected to reduce the fire caused by soft decoration by one-third.
Whether it is offices, hotels or other public places, or our home, the use of foam accessories is more and more frequent, and it is in many cases the culprit that caused the spread of fire. According to statistics, the number of fires caused by soft decoration in the United States reaches 6,700 each year, and 480 people die. In fact, the current biggest rickets such as brominated flame retardants are not flame retardant, but its toxicity. The new study pointed out that they have won the flame resistance, but did not explain the toxicity problem. If it is equally advanced in this respect, then it will undoubtedly become the "protective umbrella" for many beautiful buildings. Of course, the application of flame retardants is far more than construction, defense and military, aerospace... its stage is everywhere. (Reporter Wang Xiaolong)
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