The most complete! Various types of disaster accident self-rescue methods

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1 , Tornado self-help

Tornadoes occur in the spring, summer, and autumn from the afternoon to the evening.

When a tornado occurs, there is often one or even a few elephant-nosed funnel-shaped cloud columns extending downward from the bottom of the cloud, with accompanying

There is wind, rain, lightning or hail.

Everything except the most solid buildings that the tornado passes will be sucked into the air. When you encounter a tornado, you must actively think about it.

Dodge by law, avoid panic.

(1) When encountering a tornado in the field, remember to run fast, but do not run around. Should be heading towards the tornado with the fastest speed

Escape straight.

If it is too late to flee, you must quickly find a lowly place. The correct posture is: face down, closed mouth and eyes, with double

Hands and arms protect the head.

(2) When you encounter a tornado, be sure to stay away from trees, utility poles, and simple houses to avoid being smashed, pressed, or shocked.

(3) In the event of an emergency situation where the utility pole or house has collapsed, the power should be cut off as much as possible to prevent electric shock or fire.

(4) The safest place to avoid a tornado is the basement or semi-basement of a concrete building. Simple housing is not safe.

Note: Do not stay on the roof.

5 If indoors, avoid the windows, doors, and the exterior of the house, and hide in the small room opposite to the tornado.

At the same time, cover your body with a thick mattress or blanket to prevent injury from being dropped.

2. Accidental fire in the car saves itself

The car suddenly caught fire while driving. The driver should immediately switch off the flame, cut off the oil and power supply, and close the blinds and ignition switch.

That is, trying to organize the people in the car to leave the body.

If the vehicle door is unable to open due to the deformation of the vehicle, you can get out of the front and rear windshields or windows.

When the person is already on fire, he should take a rolling position towards the water source and take off his clothes while rolling, taking care to protect the dew.

Outer skin and hair.

Do not breathe deeply or shout loudly to avoid burning the upper respiratory tract.

3, car overturned self-help

When the driver feels that the vehicle is inevitably going to tip over, he should firmly hold the steering wheel, hook the pedals on both feet, and fix the body.

The body rotates.

Passengers in the car should quickly pry into the seat, seize the fixtures in the car, clamp the body in the seat, stabilize the body and avoid the body.

Rolling in the car and getting hurt.

When you roll over, you must not jump out of the vehicle in the direction of the rollover, but jump in the opposite direction of the rollover.

When landing, you should use your hands to hold your head in the direction of inertia to roll or run a distance to avoid secondary damage.

4, the vehicle fell into the water to save themselves

When the car turns into the river, if the water is shallow and it cannot submerge the whole car, wait until the car is stable before trying to leave from the safe place.

vehicle.

If the water is deep, do not rush to open the door and window glass first, because the door is difficult to open at this time.

At this point, the oxygen in the cabin can be maintained by the driver and passengers for 5 to 10 minutes. The head should be kept on the water first, quickly.

Push hard to open the door or glass while taking a deep breath and emerge in time

(On the Internet there is a method of opening the window with a headrest, but it's best to buy a safety hammer and put it on the car).

5, car head-on collision self-rescue

In the accidental collision in traffic accidents, the main driver is the fatal danger.

In the event of an accident, when the main position of the oncoming collision is not on the side of the driver, the driver should hold the steering wheel with his arms and legs.

Straighten forward and tilt your body backwards to keep your body in balance so that you don’t get hurt when your head hits the windshield when the vehicle hits.

If the main position of the head-on collision is in the vicinity of the driver's seat or the impact is heavy, the driver should quickly evade the steering wheel.

Lift your feet to avoid being squeezed.

6, typhoon self-help

When the typhoon arrives, it not only has a powerful storm, but also carries heavy rain. The range can reach more than 1,000 square kilometers.

However, the typhoon has a regular pattern. Even the annual travel route is almost the same, so when you travel, you must listen to the weather.

Newspaper, try to avoid the typhoon route.

However, there are also many typhoons that are erratic and there are no rules and regulations, but the weather station will be 24 hours before this typhoon.

Post notice.

During the typhoon, try not to go out and walk. If you have to go out, you should bend down and tighten your body.

Be sure to wear light waterproof shoes and colorful, tight-fitting underwear. Fasten your clothes or fasten it with straps.

Reduce the area affected by the wind and wear raincoats, rain caps, tie caps, or helmets.

When walking, you should step slowly and steadily in the factory. You must not run in the wind, otherwise you will not be able to stop or even be scraped away.

Danger

Walk as far as possible against corners, fences, columns, or other solid fixtures; when walking in densely populated streets,

Pay special attention to falling objects or flying objects to avoid bruising; go to a turn, stop and observe, walk, and walk

It is very likely that a flying object that has been blown up will cause a wound; after passing through a narrow bridge or a high place, it is best to go under the ground and crawl, otherwise it can easily be scraped or otherwise

Falling into water.

If there is heavy rain during a typhoon, pay attention to the depth of the road. Children under 10 must not walk in the water. Use pots or buckets.

Something like this carries children to tide over the beach.

If you accidentally get caught in the sea, you should do everything possible to swim back to the shore. When you can't swim back, you should search for floating objects as much as you can.

Since the typhoon has the greatest destructive power when passing through islands and coasts, it should be as far away from the sea as possible.

Since the typhoon's "wind eyes" pass over the sky, the ground will be calm for some time, but it must not be thought that the storm is over.

Typically, this calm lasted less than one hour, the wind will be from the opposite direction with irresistible force swept over again

If you are escaping outdoors, then you will be transferred to the opposite side of the original sheltered area.

7, tsunami self-help

When the tsunami comes, try to run high and far away as far as possible from the coast.

Do not rush forward and you should run in the opposite direction, so that you can escape.

People on roads and bridges should immediately leave the car and leave the road to run high.

In tall buildings, the most important thing is to go to the top of higher buildings. Don't panic because the tsunami is basically just

Between an hour or two.

There is no time to escape or be trapped in the place. To prevent the flow of water, you should immediately find the building, the trees, or it is relatively fixed.

Position, with the body tightly hugging or tightly tying the body,

Because the speed of tsunami wave retreating is relatively fast, soon you should be fine; hold it on a large floating object,

You may be temporarily submerged in water, but it will drift away soon.

8, the elevator drop self-help

The situation of free fall is that the four cords are broken and it is generally impossible to happen.

The general situation is that there is a broken, the elevator will stop a few layers will stop. It is not useful to press all the floors on the floor. At this time, if there is a handle in the elevator, please hold one hand tightly.

The entire back and head are in close contact with the inner wall of the elevator.

The knee is in a bent position.

9, stampede self-help

During crowding, if you find a solid object on the side, you should hold it tightly to wait for the opportunity to escape.

Chest space.

If you are involuntarily wrapped in a crowded crowd, you need to stretch out the stronger arm and use your palm to touch the person in front of you.

On the back, the other hand grasps the wrist of the hand that holds it out. The arms forcefully open the space for the chest and stabilize the center of gravity.

Follow the flow of people, do not try to surpass others. Do not wear shoes that have been stamped

If you are already in extreme crowding:

First, to prevent suffocation, adhere to arms and cross self-protection should do arms crossed, hands hold the upper arm flat lift in the chest of self-preservation

Protect your movements and stick to them until the situation improves.

Second, no more than others, can not be retrograde.

3. Someone fell down in front of him and he would cry for help and told people behind to stop.

If you have already fallen or fallen.

First, call out for assistance from people around you.

Second, stand up as soon as possible.

If you fall, there is no way to stand up

First, fall to the ground can not be overturned.

Second, sideways tortuous, neck guard head sideways torsion, knees close to the chest, fingers crossed hands clasped neck, heads with both arms.

Protect the important organs in the chest and abdomen, lying on the ground, so that even if it is stepped on, it will step on the ass and other parts and will not hurt.

Harmful organs.

10, fall into the well and save yourself

It's best to walk around the well.

See the water in the middle of the road and walk around.

Because most of the urban sewage pipe network is built below the carriageway.

Therefore, once you find that the well cover is damaged or heavy storms, when the water in the middle of the road, please avoid it in time, because falling into it will endanger life.

(1) Find a light source. Flashlight with a flashlight, cell phone LCD screen or lighter.

If there is no light source available, look up and look through the inlet of the rainwater well, the mesh grille on the street, or

A small hole in the manhole covers the water in the sewer.

It's best to find a place to catch and avoid being washed downstream

(2) Standing straight forward. The ratio of hydrogen sulphide is a bit more important than air, so the gas will gather more under the sewer

many.

Raise your head as far as possible, near the top of the sewer. Covering your mouth and nose with your clothes will reduce the inhalation of toxic gases.

(3) Move to "upstream". Large-scale pipelines located in the “downstream” will have a large amount of accumulated sewage that has been fully decomposed by bacteria and

Dirt. There will be a much higher hydrogen sulfide layer in the pipeline than in other pipelines, which can be fatal. On the contrary, "upstream"

Sewage is stored for a short period of time and the concentration of toxic gases will be lower.

11, encounter the fire to save themselves

If there is water, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel as soon as possible and soak your body's clothes.

In the event of a forest fire, pay close attention to the changes in the direction of the wind. Determine whether the direction of escape is correct based on the spread of the fire. Escape should be

As far as possible against the wind, must not wind down.

When smoke hits, use a wet towel or clothes to cover your mouth and nose to quickly avoid. If you dodge it, you should choose a flat that has no combustibles around it.

Lying down. Can not choose low-lying or pit area.

If you are trapped by the fire on the hillside, you should quickly run down the hill and avoid running into the mountains because the fire usually spreads faster.

fast.

12, volcanic eruption self-rescue

(1) Deal with lava hazards. In various hazards of volcanoes, lava flow may be the least dangerous to life because people can run out

Lava flow route.

(2) Deal with the hazards of the jet. If you flee from a volcanic eruption, the hard helmets and helmets used by construction workers

A rider's helmet or rider's helmet will give you some protection.

(3) Deal with volcanic ash hazards. Wear eye protection, ventilation mask, or goggles to protect your eyes. Use a damp cloth to protect your mouth and

nose.

(4) Dealing with gas ball hazards. If there is no solid underground structure nearby, the only chance of survival may be to jump in.

In the water, holding the breath for about half a minute, the ball will roll over. Remember: volcanoes often increase activity before eruption, with

There is rumbling and steam and gas spills. Sulfur smell can be heard from local rivers. Irritating acid rain, great rumbling

The sound or the green vapor that comes out of the volcano is a warning sign. When escaping by car, remember that volcanic ash can make the road slippery. Do not

To go the canyon route, it may become the path that volcanic mudslides pass through.

13. Fall from high altitude

Maintaining calm is undoubtedly the prerequisite for all self-rescue actions.

Extend all limbs, try to expand the area facing the wind, increase the air resistance, and reduce the falling speed as much as possible (although the reduction can be made

Very very small).

Observe that there are wood branches, ah, drying racks, etc. on the falling route. You can delay the speed.

There is a rain shed that is so ideal, the chance of survival has skyrocketed. However, after falling on the canopy, it was a matter of course because sight was completely

block.

14. Explosive self-rescue

1 What are the injuries caused by a general explosion accident?

(1) Blasting burns

Blasting burns are essentially composite wounds of burns and blows that occur within 1 to 2 meters of the blast center and are generated by explosions.

The high temperature gas and flame cause. The severity depends on the extent of the burn.

(2) burst injury

After the explosion, the explosives directly act on the human body or because the human body is close to the explosion center, causing human tissue rupture, internal organs rupture, and limbs.

Body ruptured, blood flew, lost its complete shape. Some of them are caused by explosives penetrating the body cavity and forming penetrating wounds, resulting in large

Bleeding, fractures.

3 . Blast injury

Also known as blast injuries, away from the center of the explosion injured 05 to 10 meters away, is the most serious blast injuries in an injury. Accept

Principle of injury: The explosives produce high-speed and high-pressure at the moment of explosion, forming shock waves and acting on the human body to generate impact injuries.

The shock wave is several times larger than the normal atmospheric pressure, and it affects the human body and causes damage to many organs of the whole body. At the same time, it is formed due to high-speed airflow.

Dynamic pressure caused people to fall and get hurt and even to break off.

2 How to protect yourself if an explosion occurs?

(1) It is most correct to hurry down

In the event of an explosion, that is, after the bang, don't rush because the explosion is likely to happen more than once, if not

If you blindly run before you identify a safe area, you may be injured by the second explosion. So what do you do?

The step is to “kick down” - keeping the body low can not only minimize the damage caused by the explosion, but also prevent

Into the toxic smoke.

(2) Choose the correct contact method

When an explosion occurs, one should choose to stay in an open space rather than a confined space; try to increase the explosion safety distance and reduce

The frequency and time of direct contact with explosives.

(3) Find protective objects and do personal protective measures

First, we should choose shelters that can effectively block, reflect, or absorb explosive shock waves, such as hiding in soil walls, buildings,

Behind the objects such as cars and furniture, specific values ​​for the safety distance can be appropriately reduced. However , we must avoid the thinnest of these objects

Weak parts prevent damage caused by fragment impact.

Second, do a good job of physical protection , such as wearing a hard hat, wearing explosion-proof clothing and other protection may be fatal key parts.

(4) Effective utilization of the gap effect that the explosion may produce

Generally in the explosion-proof building , we call the building unit whose structural strength is weaker than other units as a gap.

The notch effect refers to the notch where the strength of the building structure is the weakest , and the shock wave pressure here is much greater.

In other places around, if the human body and important instruments and equipment are in the gap , it will be seriously injured or damaged. In the explosion

When blasting, try to keep away from the front and back of the doors and windows, the pipe mouth, and the ditch, and the vicinity thereof, to reduce the damage caused by the shock wave.

15, nuclear explosion self-help

Avoid light radiation: see the brighter flash than the sun immediately back to face closed eyes.

Avoid Shockwaves: Immediately cover the exposed body surface, squat down and look for sturdy heavy objects to hide or hide in the ditch or squat. Cross legs,

Put your hands on your neck and keep your mouth open.

Avoiding radioactive contamination: At this time, the sediment has not yet fallen, but there is a maximum of 20 minutes left , whether it’s scary or silly.

You do not have time to save him. Simple shelters should be used immediately and various vehicles must be used to escape before falling objects fall.

Pay attention to being in an open space as far away as possible, away from buildings, and prevent falling objects and fire at high altitudes. The car to choose the exhaust pipe is a cold parking car

Vehicle. Look at the height to determine the direction of the wind and flee in the vertical direction toward the wind. In this process, people's eyes blinded by light radiation can be blindfolded.

Staying, by the way, preparing supplies, etc. If you ride, close the window door and open the inner loop. Try to find underground before falling

Room building or metal structure house. At the door before entering wrote "there are people inside **" The number marked with lipstick. After entering the building

Take off your coat to clean the exposed body surface and replace it with uncontaminated clothing. It is best to choose the basement next to the highest two

High interior rooms, small rooms with thick walls, few windows and doors are the best. It’s time for other people to organize PSK to play its leadership role.

People are more powerful. In addition to closing indoor and outdoor, it is also necessary to prevent radiation. It can be used to build bunkers with heavy materials such as printing paper and books.

Wall built " L " shaped entrance.

15 km from the nuclear explosion origin :

(1) There will be a lot of casualties around you, but in the next few minutes your actions will determine whether you are alive or dead.

Therefore, we will not be able to help seriously injured people who are unable to move around.

(2) For minor injuries, bleeding must be stopped immediately (regardless of method, even if it is temporary), otherwise, radioactive material

Quality may enter the bloodstream and add to the circulation, causing serious consequences.

(3) Team action, pay attention to avoid objects and buildings that may collapse around.

(4) When radioactive dust begins to fall by your side, you must find the shelter within 1 minute, although the wooden building can only

It resists 30%-60% of nuclear radiation, but it can only hide here if there is no other choice. Of course, it's best to

It is a large building that can find a steel structure or a reinforced concrete structure, and it is the best in a basement.

(5) There are three forms of radiation: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. The first two will only touch the skin directly

Causes radiation to the body, but gamma rays must be hidden inside a thick building to block it.

5 kilometers from the nuclear explosion origin :

(1) We may have time to escape the radioactive contaminated area, but we must act quickly and choose the right means of transport.

(2) The nuclear electromagnetic pulse destroys the vehicle's electronic equipment and cannot be started when our car is in a driving state at the time of the nuclear explosion.

In this way, we need to use the "HOT-WIRE" method, pay attention to three positions: steering column cover, steering wheel lock, and blocking gear

Positioning bar ~ you know.

(3) If we cannot find a building with a basement, then we can only use the existing thin-walled building and make use of the equipment at hand.

Increase the thickness of the shelter as much as possible.

16, was splashed with sulfuric acid to save themselves

Don't be dumbfounded by splashing, use the bag to block it (turning is not desirable, your head...)

Be splashed and immediately take off all your clothes and find plenty of flowing water.

On the street, rush into the hotel or go to the pool

17. Self-help in the wild

(On the assumption that there are no items on the body)

water

The water quality of the water source is turbid or there is floating of foreign matter. It can be dug about 50 to 80 centimeters deep from about 3-5 meters away from it .

In a 1- meter pit, water naturally seeps out from the gaps between sand, stone, and soil, and then the leached water is taken out.

Note: Do not stir up muddy mud at the bottom of the pit.

Find direction

The position can be known by the growth state of the moss on the trees or stones. In terms of trees in the northern hemisphere, the leaves flourish

One party is the South.

The Big Dipper, like a giant spoon, is easily found in the clear night sky, extending from the side of the spoon to the two stars

Looking around, about five times the distance , a brighter star is the North Star, that is, north. Polaris direction

It is exactly north.

18, desert self-help

Finding water

The roots of the desert plants contain some water and can be dredged and squeezed to drink.

You can also find water sources based on animals and plants in the desert.

Most animals drink water regularly. Herbivores do not stay away from water, they usually arrive at fixed places in the early morning and dusk.

Drinking water, as long as you find them often walk through the footpath, looking for places with low ground, you can find water.

Carnivorous animals can get water from their prey, so they can not drink water for a long time, so this carnivorous animal

The area of ​​activity may not be able to find water.

Carnivorous birds such as eagles and water birds can not drink water for a long time. So see that they are not necessarily surrounded by water.

It is found that insects are a good source of water. Especially bees, they will not leave the hive more than 65 kilometers, but they do not

There is a regular pattern of activity time. The range of most species of fly activity will not exceed 100 meters

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