With the development of modern high technology, technology is used to optimize traditional technology and improve the development of furniture. The reason why traditional furniture has become a classic is because of its own traditional cultural connotation, but also the internal craftsmanship of its eternal wisdom. While inheriting the craftsmanship, it has also made breakthroughs in the continuous innovation of technology. The use of various modern machines has made the classic crafts more and more modern under the modern technology, and has been digested and accepted by the current era to cater to the real life needs of the public.
dry
Let Redwood come to the scene to "walk and go"
After the redwood and all the woods are cut, due to their special material density, it takes a long time to dry before they can be used as wood, so as to adapt to the changes in temperature and humidity caused by seasonal changes. If the drying technology is not up to standard, the furniture will be cracked and deformed.
Due to the limitations of drying technology, many consumers tend to “locally purchase and use locally†to avoid the “consistency of wood†due to environmental changes. Modern and advanced drying technology not only keeps the wood stable, but also adapts to environmental changes in different regions. The method used in the Ming Dynasty was to dry naturally. The wood was placed in an open space, and the wood was placed in a raft. After being blown by the wind, sun, rain, and finally dried naturally. This method takes a long time, sometimes it takes two to three years to dry a piece of wood, and some need to return to the sun once or twice. In addition, there are methods such as water immersion air drying, natural drying, "boiled" or "fire bend".
At present, most mahogany manufacturers have built regular drying kiln, and use temperature-controlled humidity control equipment to strictly monitor the temperature and humidity changes in the drying room. According to Zhang Wenhai, vice chairman of the American Furniture Association, the current drying method in the industry is to provide hot and humid air as a drying medium. Enterprises also use the "boiled" and other methods to assist, that is, boiled and soaked in a way to make the wood tube hole fully absorb and expand, and remove the impurities in the wood tube hole. In addition, the dried sheet needs to be placed in a normal temperature environment for a period of time to make the wood "return" and finally reach the national standard wood moisture content.
In the process of drying, there are many factors that affect the final drying effect, and workers must follow the standard process. For example, how to stack wood, thin wood, etc., should be considered; drying while reducing the problem of wood bending deformation, cracking, etc., and the wood difference between different woods is large, there are different drying processes and processes to ensure the production The quality of the furniture.
Woodworking
Use the machine to the exactest
The craftsmanship is the essence of classical furniture. However, the excavation of the logs from the cutting to the well-formed parts is completely manual, and the tools used by the master craftsmen are limited to sawing, planing, chiseling, boring, etc. Hand tools rely on the materials and dimensions passed down from generation to generation. The engraving process is often regarded as the most important decoration process, and it requires workers to rely on carving knives and blades to portray. The grinding process is related to the "face" of the furniture, the line, the engraving part, the grinding process is related to the final effect, and the craftsman's skill maturity is tested. In an era when the machine is not developed, a piece of furniture often takes several days to complete.
Affected by the development of modern woodworking machinery and cutting tools, the current mahogany processing enterprises have also introduced a part of processing machinery. For example, various sawing machines allow craftsmen to bid farewell to hand saws; planers and milling machines replace manual planers and planers; drill presses replace manual punching tools; and the use of various small mechanical grinding tools frees workers from multiple grinding operations. Even engraving can be done by engraving machine. The use of these machines greatly improves production efficiency without affecting the original charm of the furniture. Moreover, the overall production mistakes are reduced, making efficient and precise production possible.
At the same time as modern machines are used on a large scale, the craftsmanship is more precious and indispensable. Wu Bingliang, Chairman of Guangdong Wushi Xinglong Ming Style Furniture Art Co., Ltd. said: “Although the machine has improved production efficiency, the manual operation of some processes is still indispensable. For example, if the various patterns of machine engraving are not manually processed, it seems sluggish and not vivid enough. Polishing is not a machine that can be done. Workers need to use the naked eye and hand to check whether the concave surface of the furniture is smooth and flat, and whether the arc of the line is smooth and reasonable. These are things that the machine can't do. Whether a company pays attention to and inherits the craftsmanship can also be seen. The brand's level of care for the product."
decoration
Regeneration of traditional techniques
In the traditional craft of mahogany furniture, inlay is an important means of decoration. Filling is to sew the surface of the furniture according to the pattern of the ornaments that need to be inlaid, and then insert and paste the inserts, and make up the decorative picture with the difference between the pattern and the wood. Common inlays include Wenmu, porcelain, rhinoceros, snails, ivory, jade, pearls, etc.
With the development of technology, more and more materials can be inlaid, used in hardwood furniture. For example, inlaid silver, the gold and silver silk is embedded in the mahogany furniture, and the bright pattern is set on the deep wood to form a unique artistic effect; and the common marble is set on the table top and the back of the chair, and the black and white light texture is like a traditional ink painting. It is a classical art that is quite artistic.
In addition to inlays, modern mahogany furniture or new Chinese furniture inspired by traditional classical furniture is more flexible in its use of new decorative techniques. For example, the back and seat of the furniture are provided with silk satin or embroidered lining, screwed to the back frame, or covered with cortical material. A variety of cushions, bags and mahogany furniture are used to increase comfort and furniture in a more Chinese style. The use of a variety of new materials combines modern technology with traditional furniture to reflect the beauty of the decoration.
In addition, the combination of classical furniture and room furnishings, and the home environment, makes classical furniture close to the modern life. Wu Bingliang suggested this: "When the furniture is arranged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the decoration should be based on simplicity. The color of the walls and floors should be white and light beige. When matching the ancient furniture, attention should be paid to the matching accessories. The classical furniture of the same regional style is better. In the supporting aspects, such as the table, some vases, strange stones and handicrafts are placed on the surface of the fragrant incense, and the celebrity paintings, couplets, window grilles, etc. are hung on the blank walls, which can fully show the culture and art. The atmosphere can be beautiful and generous."
â– Debate on ideas
Color treatment difference
In the production process of mahogany furniture, some manufacturers use paint to color the furniture to achieve the same color and beauty. However, there are also some unscrupulous merchants in the market who use the upper-color method to shoddy and use other cheap materials to pretend to be high-grade mahogany, in order to obtain high profits.
At present, there is still debate on whether the furniture is lacquered or waxed. Some consumers believe that the lacquering of furniture will change the color of the wood itself, which may cover up its real materials and tend to be waxed furniture. In fact, whether it is painted or waxed, there is a possibility to change the color of the furniture; and the paint used by many companies is varnish, which can preserve the color of the wood itself. As for coloring, it is a common decoration technique used by manufacturers. Not all colors are fake.
Machine carving or hand carving?
With the development of mechanical tools, the original hand-carved engraving has been replaced by machine engraving. The machine carving products are imported into the paintings through computer software and carved out by automatic engraving machine. The features are uniform and uniform, and there is no difference in appearance. It is only suitable for embossing and openwork on the plane, and it is impossible to make more complicated works. Hand-carved gives the wood craftsman the spirituality, which makes the lines more spiritual and full of appeal. Therefore, the industry generally believes that the machine carving works are far less than hand carving, and the machine carving has even become synonymous with “roughnessâ€.
In fact, many companies have adopted the method of machine carving + hand carving, that is, after the machine is finished, the workers will check and repair to ensure the artistic effect of the engraving pattern; moreover, rough and simple hand carving is not as good as machine carving, machine carving The emergence of the company requires the company to strive for excellence in engraving.
burin
Since ancient times, carvings have been dominated by hand-carving, and various carving tools are essential tools for craftsmen. According to the shape and angle of the carving knife, the engraving tool has the types of flat knife, round knife, triangle knife, scraper, etc. Each type is divided into different specifications according to the size of the blade. About one hundred tools are used for each piece of furniture.
Planing
The tool is a wooden strip with handles that embed more than 20 strips of steel to level and edge the steel. When using, place the planer on the hardwood and press it forward several times. The part of the hardwood surface with the raft will gradually flatten and scrape. It is also called “planingâ€.
The biggest advantage of using the planer is that it is very small in each time, no damage is found, and the uneven hardwood surface is trimmed very smooth and smooth. In the process of use, pay attention to the texture structure of the wood itself. If it is not used according to the texture, it will cause smashing when leveling.
Planing
The plane consists of a planer blade and a planer. The planing blade is made of metal, and the planer is made of wood. The steel blade is inserted obliquely into a pedestal with a square hole. The upper part is pressed by a pressure iron. The pedestal is long and has handles on the left and right. Easy to hold. The process of manual planing is the process of cutting the wood continuously in the forward movement of the planer. Planing or processing the surface of the wood is called planing. After the wood is drawn, the chiseling and the sawing are carried out, the planing is called the net material. After the combination of the furniture structure, the overall planing is called clean light.
measuring
Before the material is opened and drilled, a small sample is required for each part of the furniture, and each part is measured and drawn with a dedicated line drawing tool. The line painting is good, the size of the furniture can be made accurate, and the structure can be seamless. Commonly used measuring tools are wire rods, ink fountains, line cutters, etc.
â– Traditional tools
Cutting
The furniture opening tool is generally a saw. The size of the saw can be divided into two people, such as a large saw, an open saw, a hand saw, and the like. Large saws are used to cut large pieces of wood and hand saws cut small pieces of wood. The saw blade is often curved, its core is serrated, and the saws of different purposes have different tooth shapes.
drilling
There are two common drilling tools. The first one is a pull drill, which is mainly composed of a grip, a drill rod, a drawbar and a leash. When in use, the pull rod is pulled to drive the leash, and a frictional force is generated between the leash and the drill rod to rotate the drill rod to achieve the drilling effect. Mainly used to drill holes with smaller diameters. There is also an auger consisting of a drill bit, a screw and a shank, which are drilled deeper. In the process of opening, it is necessary to use a cutter to cut the required groove on the wood.
chisel
In the production of classical furniture, various forms of chisels are used for opening eyes and carvings. Since the red wood is hard and the direct engraving is not easy to enter the knife, it is necessary to use various types of round chisels to cut out according to the general outline of the pattern before the engraving. Commonly used are flat chisels, round chisels, flat chisels and the like. Usually used with drills, axes, hammers, rafts, etc.
D10-D11 version written / Beijing News reporter Feng Jing
D10-D11 version of photography (except signature) / Beijing News reporter Feng Jing
Redwood Culture Tracing Tour Project Report Team:
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Reporter: Feng Jing, Fu Juan Editor: Liu Lang New Media Communication: Mediation Outreach Director: Chen Wenju
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