Ground Structure: The bathroom floor should be constructed using either integral cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs or prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. A reinforced concrete coping of 120mm in height should be integrally placed around the walls, except for the door area, to ensure structural stability and prevent water seepage.
Floor Screed: A cement mortar leveling layer is typically used, with a standard mix ratio of cement to sand of 1:2.5 to 1:3 (by volume). The thickness of the screed should be between 20 to 30mm. It must be properly smoothed and rolled to ensure a flat and even surface. The surface of the cement mortar screed needs to be solid, clean, and dry, free from any looseness, sanding, or peeling. At all internal and external corners, the edges should be rounded with a consistent radius of 10mm, which helps in achieving an even paint application and prevents thinning or excessive buildup of coatings.
Ground Waterproof Layer: To enhance the waterproofing performance, a waterproof layer can be applied over the cement mortar leveling layer. This can include asphalt-based waterproof membranes, waterproof coatings, or cement-based waterproof systems. Before applying the coating or laying the membrane, it's essential to apply a suitable base treatment agent to ensure proper adhesion and durability.
Ground Surface Layer: The final surface layer must meet the design specifications. It can consist of a 20mm thick cement mortar finish with a 1:2.5 ratio, which is compacted and polished, or it can be covered with ceramic tiles. The slope and direction of drainage must be correctly set to ensure that water flows efficiently and does not accumulate. The installation should be firm, with tight joints to create the first line of defense against water infiltration. Proper sealing and finishing are crucial to maintaining the integrity of the entire flooring system.
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