Recently, the first unit of Tibet Zangmu Hydropower Station was officially put into operation. This is the first hydropower station built on the main stream of the Yarlung Zangbo River in China. The total installed capacity of 6 units is 510,000 kilowatts. The Zangmu Hydropower Station is located in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River at an altitude of 3,300 meters above sea level and in the Jiacha County of Shannan District. It is the first large-scale hydropower station in the history of Tibet's electric power.
Tibet has abundant water resources, and the relatively lagging economy gives the local government sufficient reasons to develop hydropower.
In an interview with the reporter of the Journal of Chinese Journal of Science, many experts said that hydropower in Tibet needs to be developed. This not only solves the problem of electricity use in Tibet, but also provides better development in the local area and may also provide energy for the east. However, behind the development of resources, ecological protection issues must also be taken seriously. How to balance the balance between the two still requires scientific decision-making by the relevant departments.
Big development has become a trend
“Tibet is rich in water resources. After development, it is good for domestic power supply and development of Tibet. If it is not developed, after all the downstream development is completed, upstream development will be more difficult.†Chen Chuanyou, a researcher at the Institute of Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told China Science reporter, "The report also pointed out that the world's largest hydropower station may appear here."
According to statistics, Tibet's hydropower theoretical reserves amount to 200 million kilowatts, mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River, Nujiang River, Minjiang River, Jinsha River and its tributaries. The scale of hydropower development is 9 million kilowatts of Jinsha River, 8 million kilowatts of Lancang River, 15 million kilowatts of Nujiang River and 80 million kilowatts of Yarlung Zangbo River.
Song Xianfang, a researcher at the Institute of Geographical Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that it is understandable that human beings should develop and take energy for granted. From the current energy composition of China, 70% are coal, hydropower accounts for more than 20%, and nuclear power is less. According to relevant information, 20%~30% of China's hydropower energy comes from Tibet. Its average elevation is more than 5,000 meters, and hydropower is green energy. Don't worry about nuclear radiation, don't worry about coal pollution, just use the water to generate electricity, so artificial The waterfall, of course, has to be developed.
At present, the dam of the Changduguoduo Power Station in Tibet, the second largest hydropower station under construction in Tibet, has been poured to the top of the dam. At the same time, Changdu in eastern Tibet is continuously promoting the development of the Sanjiang hydropower project of the Nujiang, Minjiang and Jinshajiang rivers. It seems that the general trend of hydropower development in Tibet has become irreversible.
Ecological protection must be valued
“Energy development is important, but the ecological environment in Tibet is relatively fragile and must be fully demonstrated before development,†said Wu Yuansheng, a professor at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research.
"Appropriate development is ok, but if it is too much development, the ecological environment is bound to be affected." Chen Chuanyou said.
The Tibet region is China's first land, and next to the second site. In recent years, the earthquake zone has been the first place and the second place to change.
"Geologically speaking, this is a complex change zone, and geological safety is an uncontrollable hidden danger." Song Xianfang said that the geological disasters caused by the collision of plates can not be estimated with the current information reserves. The dam will inevitably have an impact on the geological structure. “How much impact? What changes will happen in the medium to long term? We are not aware of it at the moment. But it should be said that its destruction of the ecology is inevitable.â€
"Development is necessary, but there must be a balanced relationship between construction and protection. We must not pursue the high efficiency of hydropower, but destroy the surrounding vegetation and the downstream water environment." Song Xianfang said.
Long-term planning is a guarantee
In fact, Huaneng, Huadian, Guodian and Datang four major power generation groups have been in the Tibet area for a long time. Relevant information shows that Huaneng Group is responsible for the development of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, the Huadian Group is the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, the Datang Group is stationed in the Nujiang River Basin, and the Guodian Group is the Palong Zangbo River Basin. The construction of power stations of major power generation groups is showing a trend of rushing.
"Before developing hydropower resources in Tibet, we must do a good job in planning." Chen Chuanyou told reporters that before the development, it is necessary to conduct in-depth investigations and studies on the natural conditions of Tibet. Taking the Yarlung Zangbo River as an example, when constructing a hydropower station, it must be considered in advance. Good overall planning for upstream and downstream development.
Song Xianfang also holds the same view. He believes that when making development plans, we must consider the security cycle for a long time, "do not go all the way." Although hydropower construction has been planned in development, the cycle is not considered to be particularly long.
Song Xianfang said: "If the development of hydropower resources is completely market-oriented, it will inevitably have negative effects. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt planned means to conduct appropriate control. Planning can only help resources to be used sustainably and efficiently."
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