In recent years, the party and the government have repeatedly stressed that it is necessary to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through talents, vigorously improve the original innovation ability, integrate innovation ability and introduce the ability to absorb and re-innovate; we must adhere to the strategy of enhancing independent innovation as a strategy for developing science and technology. The basic point is the central link to promote industrial restructuring, promote the transformation of economic growth mode and enhance national competitiveness. Since the reform and opening up, the contribution rate of China's export trade to economic growth has been at a high level, with an average of 37.2% in 2001-2008. Therefore, changing the growth mode of export trade is an important aspect of transforming the mode of economic growth. Independent innovation is the central link in transforming the mode of economic growth and the central link in transforming the growth mode of export trade.
For a long time, foreign trade barriers have made China's export enterprises overwhelmed and suffered serious losses. China's total exports and total exports have grown rapidly, but the profits of most export industries are very small. The information industry is the pillar and strategic industry of the national economy, while the profit rate of China's information industry is only 2-3%. The textile and garment industry is China's traditional advantageous industry, and the average profit of each export shirt is about 0.3 US dollars. It is estimated that the profit of exporting 800 million shirts is not enough to exchange for an "Airbus" A380. The main reason for these two phenomena is that China's export trade growth mode is backward; further traceability is the lag of industrial structure adjustment and economic growth mode. So far, the main way for China to achieve export trade growth is to increase investment in capital, resources and energy, cheap labor, etc., to expand production scale on the basis of imported technology, and thus increase the export volume of OEM products and unlicensed products. . The quantitative export growth model has caused many negative consequences for our country.
Under the quantitative export growth model, most of the export products are homogenous products lacking non-price competitiveness, and low-price marketing is the main means to open up the international market. Export products are facing increasingly small expansion space in the entire international market and in specific target markets, so it is easy to trigger trade friction. China's large number of export products account for a high proportion of the international market share, but they are facing growing trade conditions. In the fierce competition between domestic and foreign companies in the same industry, in order to expand exports, Chinese companies have been forced to lower the price of export products. Once the importing country government decides that there is dumping of products from China, or accepts subsidies from the government or public institutions that violate the WTO rules, or seriously damages or seriously threatens the same products and directly competitive products in the importing country, Anti-dumping measures, countervailing measures or safeguards will be adopted. In some countries, trade remedies are often abused, making it an effective means of combating price-competitive imports. As a result, in many cases, China’s exports are unwarranted. In addition, the technical content of such low-priced products are mostly in the middle and low grades, so they are vulnerable to the blocking of technical trade barriers in importing countries.
Under the quantitative export growth model, most exporting companies are accustomed to using imported technology for OEM production and lack the motivation to create independent intellectual property rights. Over time, the technical foundation of its research and development capabilities is weakening. They are caught in a predicament of relying heavily on foreign intellectual property rights and subject to an unfair distribution of international interests. When Chinese enterprises use foreign intellectual property rights, if they fail to pay intellectual property fees, their export products will be hit by foreign intellectual property rights. If they pay expensive intellectual property fees, the price competitiveness of their products will suffer. To severely weakened. Although the output of nearly 200 kinds of products in China ranks first in the world, only three-tenths of the national enterprises have the core technology of independent intellectual property rights, 99% have not applied for patents, and 60% have no registered trademarks. In recent years, China's dependence on foreign technology has fluctuated between 50% and 60%. Foreign patent holders have obtained huge profits from “Made in Chinaâ€. The profit situation is: 20% of the price of mobile phones in China, 30% of the price of computers and DVD players, and 20% of the price of CNC machine tools. %. The export value of OEM products accounts for more than 90%, but OEM production can only obtain 10% of the total profit of the products.
In summary, although the quantitative export growth model has made significant contributions to the development of China's export trade in the early stage of reform and opening up, when China's export volume jumped to the forefront of the world, its drawbacks were fully exposed and its sustainability was declining. Therefore, changing the growth mode of export trade has become an urgent task. In the era of knowledge economy, the added value of products is increasingly accumulating in the research and development links and marketing links, and increasingly depends on the content of independent intellectual property rights. Research on the industrial value chain shows that 80% of the world's industrial product profits are owned by patents and trademarks. According to the United Nations Development Program, brand names account for less than 3% of global brands, but the market share of brand-name products is as high as 40%, sales account for more than 50%, and sales in individual industries account for more than 90%. . According to the law of sustainable development of export trade and considering the goal of China's economic growth mode transformation, the Chinese government should regard independent innovation as the central link to transform the growth mode of export trade, and guide export enterprises to abandon the old ideas of low-price marketing and quantity expansion. And effectively transfer to the new track of science and technology to promote trade and brand trade.
Driven by independent innovation, the production conditions of products are independent intellectual property rights from all technologies, only non-core technologies or small technologies have independent intellectual property rights, and have independent intellectual property rights to core technologies or most technologies and even all technologies; The production model shifts from OEM to foreign brands to create independent brands; the trade type of products changes from processing trade to general trade. These changes are conducive to increasing the added value of independent intellectual property rights of products, the added value of independent brands, and improving the technical content of products, thereby enhancing the price competitiveness and non-price competitiveness of products. In this way, the possibility that China's export products will be subject to various trade barriers will be greatly reduced. Especially for the technical trade barriers (TBT), which account for 70% of the international trade barriers, independent innovation also has a strong cracking effect: advanced technology is conducive to crossing the TBT that is directly related to the product technology level, and the export volume is relatively slow. It can weaken the intention of the importing country to set or strengthen TBT. In short, exporting enterprises to obtain more independent intellectual property rights technology (especially core technology), and constantly improve the visibility of their own brands, is equivalent to mastering the sharp weapons to crack down on international trade barriers, and control the leverage point of improving export efficiency.
In the process of carrying out independent innovation, enterprises must give full play to the main role. At the same time, the government, independent scientific research institutions (universities and research institutes not affiliated with enterprises), industry associations, science and technology intermediaries, and nationals should provide strong support. Only in this way can an enterprise's independent innovation activities obtain a good social atmosphere, strong policy support, strong technical support, smooth industrialization channels, and a huge market-based cultivation base, so that enterprises can achieve fruitful independent innovation results as soon as possible. Realize industrialization.
We believe that as long as the whole society works together, we will be able to rely on independent innovation to accelerate the transformation of export trade growth mode, so that independent intellectual property rights technology and independent brands will become the growth point of export benefits, and promote China from a big trading country, a big manufacturing country to a trading power. Create a big country to advance. The benign transformation of the export trade growth mode will certainly alleviate the adverse impact of the international financial crisis on China, and the strategic goal of promoting domestic economic and social development will be realized soon.
For a long time, foreign trade barriers have made China's export enterprises overwhelmed and suffered serious losses. China's total exports and total exports have grown rapidly, but the profits of most export industries are very small. The information industry is the pillar and strategic industry of the national economy, while the profit rate of China's information industry is only 2-3%. The textile and garment industry is China's traditional advantageous industry, and the average profit of each export shirt is about 0.3 US dollars. It is estimated that the profit of exporting 800 million shirts is not enough to exchange for an "Airbus" A380. The main reason for these two phenomena is that China's export trade growth mode is backward; further traceability is the lag of industrial structure adjustment and economic growth mode. So far, the main way for China to achieve export trade growth is to increase investment in capital, resources and energy, cheap labor, etc., to expand production scale on the basis of imported technology, and thus increase the export volume of OEM products and unlicensed products. . The quantitative export growth model has caused many negative consequences for our country.
Under the quantitative export growth model, most of the export products are homogenous products lacking non-price competitiveness, and low-price marketing is the main means to open up the international market. Export products are facing increasingly small expansion space in the entire international market and in specific target markets, so it is easy to trigger trade friction. China's large number of export products account for a high proportion of the international market share, but they are facing growing trade conditions. In the fierce competition between domestic and foreign companies in the same industry, in order to expand exports, Chinese companies have been forced to lower the price of export products. Once the importing country government decides that there is dumping of products from China, or accepts subsidies from the government or public institutions that violate the WTO rules, or seriously damages or seriously threatens the same products and directly competitive products in the importing country, Anti-dumping measures, countervailing measures or safeguards will be adopted. In some countries, trade remedies are often abused, making it an effective means of combating price-competitive imports. As a result, in many cases, China’s exports are unwarranted. In addition, the technical content of such low-priced products are mostly in the middle and low grades, so they are vulnerable to the blocking of technical trade barriers in importing countries.
Under the quantitative export growth model, most exporting companies are accustomed to using imported technology for OEM production and lack the motivation to create independent intellectual property rights. Over time, the technical foundation of its research and development capabilities is weakening. They are caught in a predicament of relying heavily on foreign intellectual property rights and subject to an unfair distribution of international interests. When Chinese enterprises use foreign intellectual property rights, if they fail to pay intellectual property fees, their export products will be hit by foreign intellectual property rights. If they pay expensive intellectual property fees, the price competitiveness of their products will suffer. To severely weakened. Although the output of nearly 200 kinds of products in China ranks first in the world, only three-tenths of the national enterprises have the core technology of independent intellectual property rights, 99% have not applied for patents, and 60% have no registered trademarks. In recent years, China's dependence on foreign technology has fluctuated between 50% and 60%. Foreign patent holders have obtained huge profits from “Made in Chinaâ€. The profit situation is: 20% of the price of mobile phones in China, 30% of the price of computers and DVD players, and 20% of the price of CNC machine tools. %. The export value of OEM products accounts for more than 90%, but OEM production can only obtain 10% of the total profit of the products.
In summary, although the quantitative export growth model has made significant contributions to the development of China's export trade in the early stage of reform and opening up, when China's export volume jumped to the forefront of the world, its drawbacks were fully exposed and its sustainability was declining. Therefore, changing the growth mode of export trade has become an urgent task. In the era of knowledge economy, the added value of products is increasingly accumulating in the research and development links and marketing links, and increasingly depends on the content of independent intellectual property rights. Research on the industrial value chain shows that 80% of the world's industrial product profits are owned by patents and trademarks. According to the United Nations Development Program, brand names account for less than 3% of global brands, but the market share of brand-name products is as high as 40%, sales account for more than 50%, and sales in individual industries account for more than 90%. . According to the law of sustainable development of export trade and considering the goal of China's economic growth mode transformation, the Chinese government should regard independent innovation as the central link to transform the growth mode of export trade, and guide export enterprises to abandon the old ideas of low-price marketing and quantity expansion. And effectively transfer to the new track of science and technology to promote trade and brand trade.
Driven by independent innovation, the production conditions of products are independent intellectual property rights from all technologies, only non-core technologies or small technologies have independent intellectual property rights, and have independent intellectual property rights to core technologies or most technologies and even all technologies; The production model shifts from OEM to foreign brands to create independent brands; the trade type of products changes from processing trade to general trade. These changes are conducive to increasing the added value of independent intellectual property rights of products, the added value of independent brands, and improving the technical content of products, thereby enhancing the price competitiveness and non-price competitiveness of products. In this way, the possibility that China's export products will be subject to various trade barriers will be greatly reduced. Especially for the technical trade barriers (TBT), which account for 70% of the international trade barriers, independent innovation also has a strong cracking effect: advanced technology is conducive to crossing the TBT that is directly related to the product technology level, and the export volume is relatively slow. It can weaken the intention of the importing country to set or strengthen TBT. In short, exporting enterprises to obtain more independent intellectual property rights technology (especially core technology), and constantly improve the visibility of their own brands, is equivalent to mastering the sharp weapons to crack down on international trade barriers, and control the leverage point of improving export efficiency.
In the process of carrying out independent innovation, enterprises must give full play to the main role. At the same time, the government, independent scientific research institutions (universities and research institutes not affiliated with enterprises), industry associations, science and technology intermediaries, and nationals should provide strong support. Only in this way can an enterprise's independent innovation activities obtain a good social atmosphere, strong policy support, strong technical support, smooth industrialization channels, and a huge market-based cultivation base, so that enterprises can achieve fruitful independent innovation results as soon as possible. Realize industrialization.
We believe that as long as the whole society works together, we will be able to rely on independent innovation to accelerate the transformation of export trade growth mode, so that independent intellectual property rights technology and independent brands will become the growth point of export benefits, and promote China from a big trading country, a big manufacturing country to a trading power. Create a big country to advance. The benign transformation of the export trade growth mode will certainly alleviate the adverse impact of the international financial crisis on China, and the strategic goal of promoting domestic economic and social development will be realized soon.
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