Potato is one of the main practical vegetables for northern urban residents in winter, and has always occupied a major share in the history of winter storage. However, during storage, it is often damaged by damage caused by potato dry rot, ring rot, soft rot, and black heart disease. During the winter potato storage in the north, these diseases often occur to varying degrees. Lightly, the potato pieces are spoiled sporadically, and the heavy ones cause rotten kiln, causing large losses.
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Symptoms: The pathogens of potato storage are different, the categories are different, and the symptoms of the symptoms are also inconsistent. Dry rot: At the beginning, the local color of the potato stalk is dark and brown. After the disease, the diseased part is slightly sag, and gradually forms a pleat, which is concentric and wrinkled; in the later stage, the inside of the potato block turns brown, often hollow, and inside the cavity. It is full of hyphae; finally the potato becomes taupe or dark brown, stiff, dry, light, and hard. Soft rot; brown spot on the surface of potato chips in the early stage of the disease, the color becomes darker and darker, and the inside of the potato block gradually rots; when the conditions are suitable, the diseased potato rots quickly; after drying, the potato block is grayish white powdery. Ring rot; initial no obvious symptoms on the surface of the potato, after a period of storage, the symptoms gradually become obvious, the skin color is slightly dark, sometimes the bud eyes are black, and some surface cracks; cutting the diseased potato block, the vascular bundle is milky yellow or The yellow-brown annular area can be connected in a circle; it is squeezed by hand, and the yellow viscous liquid is partially scattered along the yellow vascular bundle (the bacteria is concentrated); the diseased potato part becomes dark brown, and the potato skin and potato are squeezed by hand. The heart is easy to separate. Black heart disease; the surface symptoms of the diseased potato block are not obvious, the texture is not soft, and the color inside the potato block becomes darker and darker, showing a dark-stained slightly radial lesion.
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Pathogens and occurrence regularity: dry rot; cause disease for a variety of fungal infections, moldy pathogens in the cavity inside the potato block can produce colorless curved conidia. Soft rot is caused by the infection of three bacteria of E. faecalis . Ring rot: The milky yellow mucus overflowing from the vascular bundle of the diseased potato contains a large amount of positive Gram stain. Black heart disease: excessive temperature in the reservoir causes disease.
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During the storage of the potato, the bacteria, conidia, etc. of the diseased bacteria can overwinter on the soil and the potato, and can also overwinter on the sick body, in the storage tank and on the container. Among them, dry rot is more resistant to stress and has a long survival time; both ring rot pathogens and soft rot can be transmitted with the seed potato. In the storage, new pathogens are produced on the diseased potato, which can be repeatedly infested and aggravated.
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The occurrence of diseases during potato storage is closely related to the amount of bacteria in the potato tubers. The influence of environmental conditions in the storage kiln is also important, especially temperature and ventilation. In general, the temperature of the storage kiln can be affected within the range of 5-30 degrees; 15-20 degrees is suitable temperature, and 25-30 degrees accompanied by wet conditions easily cause the potato pieces to rot. In the initial stage of storage, the potato has strong viability and respiration ability, and the potato block is in anoxic state due to poor ventilation. This condition is beneficial to the growth of oxygen-resistant pathogenic bacteria.
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Control measures: prevention and control of potato disease during storage, should be based on prevention, harvest from the field, into the kiln and storage, etc. to carry out all aspects, comprehensive prevention and control 1 planting disease-free seed potatoes, establish a disease-free seedling base, select the species according to local conditions Good disease resistant. For ring rot, the knife should be disinfected at the time of sowing to avoid the disease. 2 Strengthen the field management to increase the application of phosphate fertilizer and calcium fertilizer to enhance disease resistance; in the later stage of growth, strengthen inspection, timely pull out diseased plants; control underground pests and reduce the chance of disease transmission. 3 Pay attention to safe harvesting, and avoid the mechanical damage of potato chips when the soil temperature is lower than 20 degrees. 4 , control the storage conditions, dry for 1-2 days after harvesting, wait until the surface of the potato cake is dry and then store in the kiln; pay attention to keep the ventilation and dry, avoid the moisture on the surface of the potato cake and the lack of oxygen in the kiln, reduce the incidence.
Source: Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Information Network
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