The use of chemical herbicides for weed control offers significant advantages, such as saving labor, time, and delivering effective results, which has made them increasingly popular among farmers. However, herbicides are a double-edged sword. While they can boost crop yields, improper use may lead to reduced production rather than increased yield. This makes it crucial for farmers to understand the correct application methods.
With over 400 herbicide products registered in China and limited experience among users, many people lack the knowledge needed to apply them safely. This often leads to phytotoxicity, causing serious crop losses. The rainy season is not only a peak time for weeds but also when herbicides are heavily used, increasing the risk of phytotoxicity. Based on common issues observed in practice, this article aims to provide a useful reminder to farmers.
Phytotoxicity can occur due to several reasons. One common issue is herbicide drift, where sprayers unintentionally damage non-target crops. For example, 2,4-D butyl ester, widely used in wheat fields, is highly volatile and prone to drifting. It can harm nearby cotton, soybeans, vegetables, and fruit trees. If sprayers aren’t properly cleaned after using herbicides, mixing with other pesticides can also cause phytotoxicity.
Some herbicides may not show immediate effects on the current crop but can leave residues that harm future plantings. For instance, simazine used in corn fields can affect subsequent rape crops by slowing germination and damaging the apical bud sheath. Similarly, applying herbicides like wheat straw in rice fields may not harm the rice, but planting peanuts afterward could result in root rot and plant death.
Improper application, such as incorrect dosage or timing, can also cause damage. Excessive herbicide use in rice may lead to weak growth, leaf spots, and stunted plants. In wheat, applying herbicides during sensitive growth stages, like the jointing phase, can cause ear deformities.
To avoid phytotoxicity, farmers should choose the right herbicide for their specific crop and growth stage. For example, butachlor is suitable for paddy fields, while acetochlor is better for dry fields. Always check the label to ensure the product is appropriate for the target crop. When multiple options are available, opt for those with good efficacy, low toxicity, and high safety. New products should be tested on a small scale first.
Following the manufacturer’s instructions is essential. Many farmers increase the dosage without understanding the consequences, leading to crop damage. Distributors sometimes encourage higher concentrations to sell more, which can be risky. For example, increasing the dose of acetochlor in cotton fields beyond the recommended amount can cause severe crop loss.
Avoid using 2,4-D butyl ester near sensitive crops like cotton, vegetables, and tobacco. Spraying should be done in calm weather, with the nozzle aligned with the wind direction to prevent drift. Farmers should also consider future crop plans when choosing herbicides. Residual effects can harm next-season crops, such as atrazine affecting sugar beets or potatoes if not used carefully.
Finally, always clean herbicide sprayers thoroughly before using them for other pesticides to prevent cross-contamination. Proper handling and awareness are key to safe and effective herbicide use.
*Farmers Daily*
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