The demonstration project for the localization of the four major pipelines in ultra-supercritical thermal power units is currently underway. These pipelines are expected to be completed soon and will be installed on-site. At the 2013 annual meeting on materials and welding technology for thermal power plants, held by China Power Science and Technology Network from September 3 to 4, a member of the joint R&D team for the National Four Major Pipeline Localization Demonstration Project of the Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Unit shared details with "China Power News." According to the plan, the demonstration power plant will be commercially operational by the end of this year, and the project will enter the stage of pipeline service supervision.
The localization of the four major pipelines marks a significant milestone in achieving full localization of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation units. Under the guidance of the National Energy Administration, following the spirit of the localization conference on the four major pipelines in November 2010, power companies, steel pipe manufacturers, and thermal engineering institutes jointly established the "National Demonstration Project for the Four Major Pipelines of 1 Million Kilowatt Ultra-Supercritical Thermal Power Units." This collaboration aims to promote the localization of critical components for ultra-supercritical units.
In recent years, the localization of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation technology has accelerated. The 600°C ultra-supercritical power generation technology has continued to advance, and a roadmap for 700°C ultra-supercritical technology has been developed. This progress has led to an increase in the overall efficiency of coal-fired power generation.
During the "12th Five-Year" period, the development of ultra-supercritical coal-fired power generation became a key focus. At the 2013 annual meeting on metal materials and welding technology, Gao Peichang, Chairman of Zhongman Power Pipeline (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., stated that China has become the largest producer and user of ultra-supercritical units. His company has been actively involved in the development of materials for these units, collaborating with power plants to create fittings for A335 and P91 materials used in 1 million kilowatt ultra-supercritical units. All technical indicators have met standards, and the research results were officially appraised by domestic authorities.
In the 1990s, China began introducing advanced 600°C supercritical units from abroad. The first domestically produced 600°C ultra-supercritical unit was commissioned at Huaneng Yuhuan Power Plant in November 2006. Huaneng Group used this unit as a model for developing its own ultra-supercritical thermal power technology.
Currently, China has the capability to manufacture 1 million kilowatt generator sets operating at 25 megapascals and 600°C. "Ultra-supercritical" has become a central theme in the "12th Five-Year" coal-fired power generation strategy. More experts and scholars are now focusing on the technical challenges associated with ultra-supercritical power generation.
Metal materials play a crucial role in the development of ultra-supercritical thermal power units. Yang Fu, a former Ministry of Power official and chairman of the 2013 Metal Materials and Welding Technology Exchange, emphasized that the development of high-temperature metal materials and their welding technologies is essential.
Despite progress, many high-temperature components still rely on imported materials. Experts from Shenhua Guoneng Group's Technology Research Institute noted that new heat-resistant steels are vital for safe operation, and rapid development of these materials is necessary. Cheng Shichang, an expert from the China Iron and Steel Research Institute, pointed out that current 600°C ultra-supercritical units depend on foreign technology, which limits production and sales.
For 700°C ultra-supercritical units, China still lacks the ability to produce nickel-based superalloys, which are widely used in Europe and the U.S. Xie Xishan, a leading expert in high-temperature alloys, highlighted the need for cooperation across metallurgy, boiler manufacturing, and power industries.
In December 2012, the "600°C Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Unit Steel Pipe R&D and Application" project passed scientific appraisal, marking China's leap to international advanced levels in this technology. However, the 700°C plan remains challenging. Since 2010, China has been researching 700°C ultra-supercritical technology, but no mature materials are yet available. International efforts have lasted over a decade, with challenges such as material costs and testing delays.
Cheng Shichang noted that while 625°C ultra-supercritical units are being developed, they are more of a general term than a specific parameter range. Many design units are already working on these projects, with 20 units contracted so far. The future of ultra-supercritical power generation depends on continued innovation and cost reduction.
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