The "Science Report," a publication of the British journal *Nature*, recently featured a collaborative study by scientists who developed new indicators to trace the direction and distance that oil traveled underground millions, even hundreds of millions of years ago. This breakthrough holds significant value for understanding the movement of oil, the formation of oil reservoirs, and future oil exploration efforts.
Understanding how oil moved through geological time is crucial for oil exploration, yet it has long been a challenging problem for petroleum geologists.
"In the past, researchers tried to track oil flow by identifying stable polar compounds like carbazole nitrogen compounds in oil. However, these empirical indicators often failed to accurately reflect the direction and extent of oil migration because petroleum compounds tend to retain some of their original characteristics and can also be altered by biodegradation," explained Zhang Liuping, a researcher from the Institute of Geology and Geophysics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in an interview with the *Journal of the Chinese Academy of Sciences*.
To overcome these limitations, the research team re-analyzed the data from compounds affected by biodegradation. Using principles of material balance and adsorption during oil migration, they developed a new approach. Instead of relying solely on traditional methods of identifying specific compounds, they created a molecular index called the "secondary transport fractionation index." This new method eliminates the influence of the original source and focuses only on the actual movement of oil.
Their findings revealed that the concentration of trace polar compounds correlates linearly with the maturity of the source rock, while it decreases exponentially with the distance oil has traveled.
The application of these new indicators in the Ordos Basin in China and the Western Canada Basin has shown promising results. The index aligns well with field measurements and supports the theory of differential accumulation in hydrocarbon systems. It also helps explain the distribution of oil and gas in the southwestern part of the Ordos Basin and provides critical insights for exploration in eastern regions of the country.
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