**Abstract**
Machine tools are often referred to as the "mother of industry," playing a crucial role in the development of modern manufacturing. However, due to a late start in technological advancement, China has historically lagged behind in the high-end CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool sector. To address this challenge, the Chinese government has launched specific development plans and targeted initiatives aimed at accelerating industrial progress. The implementation of major national science and technology projects has significantly contributed to improving the technological capabilities and manufacturing standards of China’s machine tool industry, promoting innovation and localization of high-end CNC systems and basic manufacturing equipment.
On December 24, 2008, one of the 16 key national science and technology projects under the National Medium- and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006–2020) was officially launched: the “High-end CNC Machine Tool and Basic Manufacturing Equipment Major Project.†This initiative aimed to enhance the self-reliance and competitiveness of China's machine tool industry.
According to the project plan, by 2020, 70% to 80% of the high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment required for aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and power generation industries would be domestically produced. The project supported technological innovation through competitive bidding and collaborative R&D efforts among enterprises, universities, and research institutions.
The expected goals of the project included forming independent development capabilities for key products, reaching international advanced levels in technology, establishing comprehensive R&D and support systems, building an enterprise-led innovation system, and cultivating top-tier R&D talent. In addition, phased targets were set for 2010 and 2015 to ensure steady progress toward long-term objectives.
The successful implementation of these special projects has significantly boosted the technical level and production capacity of China’s machine tool industry. Several landmark achievements stand out, including breakthroughs in cutting technologies, heavy-duty machining, composite material processing, and large-scale casting technologies.
One notable achievement is the breakthrough in the research on “S†specimen cutting technology. Titanium alloy aerospace structural parts have long posed challenges due to their complex geometry and difficult machining properties. Through joint efforts by Shenyang Machine Tool Group, Tianjin University, and other partners, the first five-axis linkage machining center for complex titanium alloy parts was developed, addressing critical issues in stability, dynamic characteristics, and post-processing algorithms.
Another milestone is the successful development of a heavy-duty crankshaft milling machine. Qizhong Numerical Control Equipment Co., Ltd. led the project, overcoming challenges in precision rotary motion, split cutter design, and new materials. This achievement enabled China to independently produce heavy-duty marine crankshafts, reducing reliance on imports and supporting the growth of the shipbuilding and energy sectors.
The development of the large composite material tape laying machine marked another significant step forward. Jointly developed by Qiqihar Second Machine Tool Group, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tsinghua University, and the Aerospace Materials Research Institute, this equipment achieved four major technological breakthroughs, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs in aerospace manufacturing.
In the field of large-scale high-quality castings, China made major progress in material smelting and forming control technology. Led by China First Heavy Machinery Group, the project introduced advanced techniques such as digital moldless assembly and computer simulation, solving critical bottlenecks in the production of large castings and forgings.
Significant breakthroughs were also made in die forging technology, particularly in the production of large, complex components. These advancements supported the development of the 800MN large die forging press, enabling near-net shaping and improving the quality of aviation-grade forgings.
The super-heavy-duty CNC horizontal boring lathe for nuclear power half-speed rotor machining was another major success. Developed by Wuzhong, the machine achieved international-leading performance and successfully processed critical components for nuclear power plants and large mills.
Finally, the development of a large-scale automatic rapid flexible stamping production line by Jinan No. 2 Machine Tool marked a leap in automotive manufacturing. This high-speed, fully automated system met global standards and even secured contracts from international companies like Ford, demonstrating China’s growing influence in the global machine tool market.
These achievements reflect China’s strong commitment to technological self-reliance and its growing capability to compete on the world stage in the machine tool and manufacturing industries.
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