Camellia tree grafting camellia is a very popular grafting method. Now many farmers have done this. The grafting of the two can optimize the variety. So, how to use the camellia tree to graft the camellia? The following small series introduces the technique of grafting tea tree.
First, the choice of grafting time:
The Camellia oleifera grafted Camellia can be grafted during the growth of Camellia oleifera and Camellia in spring, summer and autumn. Among them, the grafting effect was better from March to June, so the quality of the scion was good and the climatic conditions were suitable. In the same year, the growth period of the scion was longer, the growth was large, and the survival rate of the joint was high. From July to August, the temperature is high, and the shading and moisturizing measures must be fully taken to achieve a satisfactory grafting survival rate. Although the temperature is suitable from October to November, the survival rate of the joint is higher, but the growth period of the scion is shorter in the current year. After the winter, the new shoots of the scion are not fully lignified and are susceptible to freezing damage.
Second, the choice of Camellia anvil branches:
First of all, you must choose a 15- to 35-year-old, strong-growing, oil-free tea tree with no pests and diseases as a rootstock. On the rootstock, select 5 to 7 main branches with a branch diameter of 2 to 5 cm as anvil. The angle of the anvil branches should be appropriate, the relationship between the master and the slave is clear, and the distribution is balanced. In this way, the grafted graft can form a good crown, so that the camellia is evenly distributed. In addition to the anvil, each rootstock should be kept with 1 or 2 main branches for vegetative shoots, and the rest should be removed. Each anvil should leave 1 to 2 side branches for auxiliary branching, and the rest should be removed.
Third, the choice of rootstock scion:
The growth of the scion mother tree and the rootstock should be in a vigorous period, and the grafting of the ears should be carried out in order to make the survival rate of the anvil high and the growth coordinated. For the scion collection of the same rootstock, different mother trees with similar flowering periods and similar growth should be selected, so that the canopy development of the anvil is balanced. If the base diameter of the rootstock is relatively thick, it is preferred to select the scion with a fast growing pattern and a large flower type; if the root diameter of the rootstock is smaller, it is preferred to use a scion with a smaller leaf and a smaller flower diameter. The same plant rootstock can graft multiple varieties of scion to form a branch, different from left to right, different from top to bottom, middle and other colors, and colorful and colorful structures around.
Fourth, the collection of tea flower spikes:
Should choose strong growth, no pests and diseases, adult excellent valuable varieties of camellia as the mother tree. On the outer periphery of the crown of the mother tree, the stalks are well-developed, and the buds are full, and the lignified or semi-lignified stalks with a diameter of more than 0.3 cm are used as scions. The ear branches are bundled into small pieces, and the base is wrapped with wet toilet paper to prevent wind and sun and to be used for grafting as soon as possible. The scion collected in winter should be stored in the wet sand layer. The humidity of the sand should not be held by the hand. The sand layer is covered with a layer of sand. Finally, the sand is covered with wet grass, and it is taken out when grafted.
V. Grafting operation method
1. Broken anvil peeling grafting method:
In the selected anvil shoots 60 to 90 cm from the ground, the branches are cut 2 to 5 cm, the auxiliary side branches are retained, the other side branches are removed, the dirt under the fracture is removed, the fracture is flattened and the fracture is inside. Slightly higher, cut a 2 to 3 cm long shaved surface behind the leaf scion (so that the leaf surface is on the cut surface), deepen to a slightly xylem, and cut a short shaved surface on both sides of the long shaved surface to make the section into a horse. Ear shape, cut the leaves halfway. The section of the anvil is cut longitudinally and cut into two knives, reaching the xylem. The width and length of the two knives are equal to the width and length of the long-cut noodles. Pick up the longitudinal incision of the anvil and pull down the cork, insert the long cutting surface of the scion into the incision incision, and cover the anvil on the scion.
Finally, the interface is wrapped with a plastic film tape. At the same time, the scion is covered with a plastic film (moisturizing), and the kraft paper is wrapped outside the bag (for shading), and the bag and the paper are tied.
2, forming a layer docking method:
The selected anvil is placed between 60 and 90 cm from the ground, and the branch is 2 to 5 cm in diameter to remove the dirt on the joint. Cut the back surface of the scion to a long surface of 2 to 3 cm, and deepen it until the layer is slightly visible. When cutting the surface, the blade should be at the end of the surface, and a short surface should be cut at the opposite ends of the surface. In the form of a horse ear, the leaves are finally cut in half.
Cut a noodle with the same length and width as the long cutting surface of the scion on the anvil, and cut it deep to the middle of the layer to see the xylem. The scion long shaved surface is attached to the anvil cutting surface, and the interface is wrapped with a plastic film tape, and at the same time, a plastic film (moisturizing) and kraft paper (for shading) are attached. Finally, the anvil above the joint is broken at 1/2 to remove the apical advantage and promote the attachment and growth of the scion.
Sixth, the management method after the tea flower grafting
1. Untie and cut anvil
The tea tree is about 30 days after the grafting. When the new shoots of the scion are in contact with the moisturizing film, the moisturizing film can be cut off on a cloudy day or in the evening, but the shading paper is still retained. The shade paper and tie wrap can be removed in about 60 days. After 90 days, the anvil above the rootstock can be cut off, and the sprouting and auxiliary side branches on the anvil can be cut off. After half a year, the main branch can be removed.
2. Fertilization and irrigation of grafted camellia
Rational fertilization should be carried out according to different stages of growth of the joint. In winter, each plant can be used to treat 1 kg of high-quality fertilizer such as cake fertilizer; in spring and summer, it can be applied such as superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, etc.; flower bud differentiation period and flower bud expansion period can also be cloudy or Foliar spray fertilizer should be applied in the evening, and its concentration should be within 0.3%.
Watering and fertilizing at the right time is an important measure to promote the growth of the joints. The spring, summer and autumn are the growing season of Camellia. The water requirement is large. It is advisable to see the water in the dry season. In winter, the Camellia enters the semi-dormant period, and the small water is properly poured to keep the soil moist.
3. Prevention and control of pests and diseases of grafted camellia
Bituminous coal disease is the main disease of Camellia, which causes the plant to be blackened, hindering photosynthesis and affecting plant growth and development; bituminous coal disease is caused by scale insects, and the prevention method is to eliminate scale insects. The scale insect can be sprayed with 1000 times of poisonous silk, once every 10 days, even spray 3 times. The beetle and the tea stalk stalk eat tea stalks, and the cotton can be stained with 80% dichlorvos emulsion 2 times solution and stuffed into the pupil to kill. The young leaves of tea trees are easily damaged by sucking and chewing mouthparts, and can be sprayed with 1500 times of poisonous silk.
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