The basic nature of crystal : The fundamental properties of a crystal are determined by its chemical composition and crystal structure, which are essential for scientific identification and classification.
(1) Name: The mineral name of this crystal is quartz, one of the most common minerals found in the Earth's crust.
(2) Chemical Composition: Quartz is composed primarily of silicon dioxide (SiOâ‚‚). Trace amounts of elements like aluminum, titanium, iron, and others can be present, causing variations in color and optical properties.
(3) Crystal Structure: It belongs to the trigonal crystal system. Its shape often includes rhombohedrons, hexagonal prisms, and three-sided pyramids. A characteristic feature is the development of horizontal growth bands on the cylindrical surface.
(4) Transparency: The transparency of quartz varies depending on its color. Colorless quartz is typically very transparent, while colored varieties tend to be less so as the color deepens.
(5) Luster: Quartz exhibits a glassy luster on its smooth surfaces, while its fracture surface has a waxy appearance.
(6) Hardness: It has a relatively high and stable hardness, with a Mohs hardness of 7, making it resistant to scratching by most materials.
(7) Density: The specific gravity of quartz is around 2.65, which is relatively low and consistent across different samples.
(8) Refractive Index: The refractive index ranges from 1.544 to 1.553, with a birefringence of 0.009. This makes it less dispersive compared to other gemstones.
(9) Color: Quartz comes in a wide range of colors, including colorless, purple (amethyst), yellow (citrine), green (prasiolite), pink (rose quartz), brown, black, and more. Most varieties do not show dichroism, except amethyst, which displays a noticeable dichroic effect.
(10) Inclusions: Quartz often contains irregular gas-liquid two-phase inclusions. Amethyst may show tiger’s eye-like fractures, while other types may contain fibrous amphibole, tourmaline, goethite, or other mineral inclusions.
(11) Special Optical Effects: When inclusions are aligned in a particular direction, they can create unique effects such as the six-ray star effect or the cat’s eye effect, enhancing the visual appeal of the crystal.
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