Aerosol formulations, as explained by the pesticide network, are specially prepared using a combination of pesticides, heating agents, combustion-supporting agents, and dispersants. When ignited, they burn without an open flame, allowing the pesticide to be heated, vaporized, and then condensed into fine particles in the air. These aerosols are primarily used for pest and disease control in forests, greenhouses, and warehouses, offering a convenient and effective alternative to traditional spraying methods.
With the rapid development of facility agriculture, the area under vegetable greenhouses has been increasing steadily. Due to the unique microclimate within greenhouses and the cyclical nature of crop planting, certain pests and diseases have become more severe. In such cases, fumigation with smoke is considered one of the most effective methods. It offers high efficiency, low residue, saves time and labor, and requires no special equipment. Additionally, it reduces the risk of resistance development and minimizes the waste often associated with conventional sprays. As a result, many greenhouse growers frequently use aerosols to manage their crops.
However, proper usage is essential to ensure effectiveness and safety. First, selecting the right product is crucial. Different aerosols target different pests and diseases, so it's important to identify the specific problem and choose the appropriate formulation. For example, serotonin-based aerosols are effective against leaf mold in tomatoes and cucumbers, while chlorothalonil aerosols are suitable for controlling downy mildew, blight, and early or late blight.
Second, timing plays a key role. Applying the aerosol at the early stages of infestation is most effective, as the population is smaller and the pests are more vulnerable. For instance, when dealing with mites, applying 250–300 grams per acre when the infestation is still light can lead to better results.
Third, dosage must be carefully determined based on the size of the greenhouse, the severity of the infestation, and the concentration of the active ingredient. A typical application might involve 0.3–0.4 grams per cubic meter for a 30% chlorothalonil aerosol, which translates to approximately 300–400 grams per acre. If the infestation is severe or the greenhouse is not well-sealed, the dose can be increased accordingly.
Fourth, the timing of application matters. It is best to ignite the aerosol in the evening, especially during cloudy or rainy conditions. This allows the smoke to settle effectively on the plants. During the day, high temperatures may prevent the smoke from adhering properly, reducing its effectiveness.
Fifth, the method of application is important. Aerosol tablets should not be placed directly on the crops. Instead, they should be placed on bricks or hung from wires inside the greenhouse, keeping them spaced apart. In large greenhouses, 3–5 ignition points per acre are typically sufficient for low-concentration aerosols (10%–30%), while higher-concentration products may require more. In smaller spaces, 7–10 points per acre are recommended.
After placement, the greenhouse should be closed, and the tablets should be lit sequentially from the inside out. It’s important to extinguish any visible flame to generate thick smoke. Fumigation should last 5–6 hours, after which the greenhouse should be ventilated. Repeating the process every 7–10 days for 2–3 cycles usually yields good results.
Lastly, safety precautions must be taken. Before application, ensure that the greenhouse is fully sealed. Store aerosols in dry places, as moisture can affect their performance. If exposed to moisture, allow them to dry slowly in a well-ventilated area—never use fire. Avoid contact with crops and flammable materials. After ignition, the operator should leave immediately and close the door. The next day, after two hours of ventilation, it is safe to re-enter. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling the product.
In summary, when using aerosols, it is essential to understand the correct application methods, use them rationally, and follow all safety guidelines to maximize their effectiveness and minimize risks.
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