On January 7, the Ministry of Science and Technology announced on its official website the "Program on Deepening the Management Reform of the Central Government's Science and Technology Plan (Special Projects, Funds, etc.)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Program"), saying that the government will adopt withdrawal, merger, transfer, etc. The integration of existing technology plans includes the well-known national high-tech research and development plan ("863") and the national key basic research development plan ("973").
This means that it has become a foregone conclusion that major scientific and technological projects such as "863" and "973" that have created a series of scientific and technological achievements such as overloaded space flight, Tianhe high-performance computers, super rice, and deep-sea robots will be withdrawn from the historical stage.
As early as March 2014, when the State Council promulgated “Some Opinions on Improving the Central Government’s Financial Scientific Research Projects and Fund Managementâ€, the reform of the scientific research funding distribution system would not have caused the “973†or “863†plan to be cancelled. Walking, it caused a lot of shock in the scientific and technological community.
In a sense, how the central government's scientific and technological plan is formulated directly affects how China's research and development funds of hundreds of billion yuan are cut. Since the reform and opening up, China has successively established the Spark Program, the National Natural Science Foundation, the "863" Plan, the Torch Plan, the "973" Plan, and the special research projects for the industry. These plans have led to the distribution of research funding cakes. Zhang Xiaoyuan, director of the Scientific Research Condition and Finance Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that these plans have made important contributions in specific historical stages. However, over the years, the output of scientific and technological plans is still far from sufficient as compared with the requirements of national development. Many important areas are needed. It is truly symbolic and stimulating, and it can solve major scientific and technological breakthroughs that restrict the development of the "crab and neck" problem.
More importantly, with the continuous expansion of scientific research investment in recent years, some problems have been exposed in the establishment of scientific research projects and the use of funds. Li Ning, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, was investigated by academicians, Duan Zhenhao, an academic star, and other scientific research corruption cases. Tortured China's existing research funding allocation system.
When talking about corruption in scientific research, Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang said, “Very sad and feels guilty and angryâ€. Today, he said that the major surgery of the special fund system for scientific and technological projects at this time is the result of internal implied diseases and external changes.
The internal disease is the current technological planning system pointed by Wan Gang Spearhead. For example, there are currently hundreds of scientific and technological plan projects in our country, and there are more than 40 state agencies that directly manage these projects, managing the “Kowloon Water Management†and financial funds†The phenomenon of the goddess scattered flower can be seen. "The complex system has caused various drawbacks such as repeated application of scientific research projects and fragmentation of scientific and technological plans," he said.
The direct consequence of this system is the long-term declaration of scientific research projects, the “investment of money from the staff†and the lack of supervision over project funding. The relevant person in charge of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences disclosed to the reporter of the China Youth Daily that the average number of channels for scientific research projects submitted by the institutes in 2012 was as many as 21, of which 43 were research institutes and 34 were the most widely used. 25.
Correspondingly, the average proportion of time spent on scientific research by scientific researchers is 51%. The rest of the time is mainly used to win project funds, participate in various meetings, mid-term inspections, and project summary acceptance. What is more serious is that there have been some "false innovations" that have repeatedly been inefficient. For example, the ratio of scientific research, transformation, and commercialization in the agricultural science and technology fields in developed countries is usually 1:10:100, while that in China is 1:0.7:100. .
This is what Wan Gang described as "external worry." He said that in the past five years, new scientific and technological revolutions and industrial reforms have been unfolding globally. From science to technology to industry to market, the boundaries have become increasingly blurred and the cycle of evolution has been getting faster and faster. This requires us to break the past stages of thinking. , organize new research and development methods.
It is time to break down the barriers between various technological plans. The "plan" requires that the government implement the "973" plan, the "863" plan managed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the national science and technology support plan, and the international science and technology cooperation and exchange program, and the industrial technology research and development fund managed by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The public welfare industry scientific research special projects managed by relevant departments are consolidated and consolidated to form a national key R&D plan.
The reform is aimed at all central government science and technology plans for open competition. The total amount of funds involved will account for more than half of the central government's population and scientific research funds. According to the plan in the "plan", by 2017, after three-year transitional period of transition, the funding channels for science and technology projects (special funds, funds, etc.) before the integration of the "973" and "863" plans will no longer be maintained. It is replaced by an integrated five types of science and technology plans, namely the National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Science and Technology Major Projects, National Key R&D Programs, Technical Innovation Guidance Special Projects (Funds), and Base and Talent Specialization Projects.
These five types of plans can avoid duplication. Zhang Xiaoyuan said: “The newly established national key R&D program will target major, core, and key scientific and technological issues in all major areas of national economic and social development from basic frontiers and major common key technologies to applications. Demonstrate a full chain design."
"The money bag for scientific research is really going to move!" A researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences was surprised to hear about this reform plan. He said that if the merger of various scientific and technological plans is criticized for "replacement and change of drugs," then the government departments will hand over the management power of the plan, which will make us realize that China's scientific and technological plan reform is really moving forward. A step.
This step is that the government no longer directly manages science and technology projects.
According to the “Programme,†the government will establish an inter-ministerial joint conference system for the management of science and technology plans led by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission and other relevant departments, formulate rules of procedure, and be responsible for reviewing strategic plans for science and technology development, scientific and technological plans (special projects, funds, etc.). ) Layout and settings, key tasks and guidelines, strategic consulting and composition of the comprehensive review board, selection of professional organizations and other issues. For the specific scientific and technological project management, it is given to the "standardized project management professional institution transformed into a qualified scientific research management institution."
The question that ensued was whether the government would let go and hand over power to a "professional organization." Will it lead to the alienation from "run department" to "run agency"? How to strengthen the supervision of professional organizations to avoid rent-seeking power and black-box transactions?
Zhang Xiaoyuan said: "The government is not letting go of it, but it is necessary to sign commissioning agreements with professional organizations and formulate standardized and unified project review rules. The Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance regularly inspect, supervise, and evaluate the performance of their duties and establish responsibility for them. The inspection mechanism can be said that supervision has been greatly strengthened, and that professional organizations are also dynamically adjusted and subject to social supervision."
With the involvement of professional organizations, the dynamic adjustment mechanism for scientific research funds will also be more clearly defined. The special funds for science and technology plans will no longer be static and may even be terminated prematurely from the establishment of projects to the completion of projects. In this regard, Wan Gang clearly stated that dynamic adjustment does not mean that failure cannot be allowed. On the contrary, scientific research fields should always be tolerant of failure.
While giving up some of the rights, the Ministry of Science and Technology will strengthen the evaluation, evaluation, supervision, and inspection of the implementation of the science and technology plan. It is worth mentioning that the improvement of the scientific research credit system and the "black list" system, the establishment of a mechanism for reviewing the responsibility of the staff of competent authorities and professional organizations, and the development of "one case and double investigation", that is, investigating the relevant responsible units and individuals At the same time, it was checked whether administrative departments and professional organizations had loopholes in their management, and whether there was any misconduct or abuse of power in the project management.
Wan Gang said that he hopes to take the reform of science and technology plans as a breakthrough point, promote reforms in other areas of science and technology, and promote the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies.
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