"The Stone of Other Hills" Emergency Public Information Emergency Construction in Japan

The Japanese Islands are geographically located at the junction of the Eurasian Plate, the Philippine Sea Plate, and the Pacific Plate. It is a region where the Pacific Ring Volcanic Belt is frequently active, with typhoon earthquakes, tsunami, mudslides, and volcanic eruptions . Natural disasters are extremely common. Great Hanshin earthquake "occurred on January 17, 1995 in Osaka, Kobe region of a total of 6393 people were killed and missing, 40,000 injured more than 240,000 houses collapsed, the affected households amounted to 437,000. Similar Natural disaster-related public events are too numerous to enumerate and have a serious impact on Japan’s economic and social development. In terms of man-made disasters, Japan has a very large number of timber-framed buildings and there are congenital “fire hazards”. Although fire accidents with large-scale area burns have been basically controlled with the continuous improvement of firefighting capabilities, the number of fire accidents involving a large number of dead and wounded people in facilities with concentrated population has increased while social and economic developments have taken place. . In addition, new types of man-made disasters, such as oil spills and gas explosions, have continued to increase due to increasing demand for oil and gas. .

In response to various possible public emergencies, various levels of government in Japan have adopted various effective measures, such as perfecting relevant legislation. The construction of reservoirs and renovation of embankments, the building's anti-seismic treatment, and the establishment of a crisis management system have achieved satisfactory results. It is worth paying attention to. Japan has not only established a complete emergency informatization infrastructure in the development of emergency public information emergency information, but also accumulated rich experience in using modern information technology to achieve effective emergency management in long-term emergency practice. The governments at all levels in China have learned and borrowed valuable wealth.

Japan's Disaster Prevention Communication Network Construction Japan is one of the countries with the most developed and applied information and communication technologies in the world. In the development of emergency public information emergency response, the Japanese government began to grasp the emergency information infrastructure. Establish a disaster-prevention communication network that covers the entire country, with complete functions and advanced technology.

Japan Disaster Prevention Communication Network Structure

After the catastrophe of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the Japanese government profoundly recognized the extreme importance of disaster prevention informationization in the emergency process, and it is more effective to collect, process, analyze, and transmit disaster information accurately and rapidly. disaster prevention, disaster response and post-disaster reconstruction, the Japanese government in 1996 formally established the cabinet l1 information Center 24 hours a day to prepare responsible for the rapid collection of information relating to convey disaster. the disaster prevention and implementation of communication networks As an important task.

After years of development and construction, the Japanese government has basically established a well-developed disaster prevention communication network system. Including: a central disaster prevention wireless network consisting mainly of various functional departments of the government, consisting of fixed communication lines ( including image transmission lines ) , satellite communication lines, and mobile communication lines ; and a fire prevention and disaster prevention wireless network based on national fire protection agencies. ” Local disaster prevention agencies and local residents are the disaster prevention administrative wireless networks of metropolitan prefectures and cities and towns and villages ; and disaster prevention mutual communication wireless networks that are connected to each other in the emergency process, etc. A professional type of communication network includes a water defense communication network, an emergency communication network, a police communication network, a defense communication network, a maritime security communication network, and a meteorological communication network.

Japan Disaster-tolerant Wireless Communication Network

Due to physical geography reasons. Plus the widespread popularity of wireless communication technology. Japan's disaster prevention communication network basically relies on wireless communication technology. The wireless communication network specially designed for disaster prevention includes the central disaster prevention wireless network. Fire prevention disaster prevention wireless network. Prefectural government disaster prevention administration radio network and municipalities disaster prevention administration radio network.

Central Disaster Prevention Wireless Network

The Central Disaster Prevention Wireless Network is the backbone network of Japan's Disaster Prevention Communication Network. Its purpose is to cause communication lines to be congested when a large-scale disaster occurs, or because the telecom operator's line is interrupted, or because people have dialed inquiries. Even in the event of communication, we will use this network to receive and transmit disaster data from the headquarters of emergency countermeasures, official residences, designated administrative agencies, designated public institutions, etc. Central disaster prevention radio network consists of fixed communication lines ( including video transmission lines ) and satellite communications. Lines. Composition of mobile communication lines.

(1) Fixed communication lines

The fixed communication line is the basic route of the central disaster prevention wireless network that transmits disaster images and various data. It is composed of 22 designated administrative agencies, 5 related agencies of the prime minister's office, 17 designated public agencies, and 1O wide-area disaster prevention bases. Related organizations. This route has been connected to disaster prevention agencies including the official residence of the prime minister and the National Disaster Countermeasures Headquarters. It has been directly connected to the disaster management headquarters of the prefectures, prefectures, and municipalities in the affected areas. It has played an important role in the transmission of large-capacity data such as images. .

(2) Satellite communication lines

For the settlement of high-rise buildings. Communication problems in distant regions. The Japanese government has planned 26 designated public agencies to apply satellite communication lines. On the one hand is to facilitate the implementation of images between the National Disaster Response Headquarters and the local Disaster Response Headquarters. On the other hand , communications such as telephones and faxes are used for emergency communications when large-scale capital-type vertical earthquakes occur.

(3) Mobile communication lines

This is to ensure that you can actually contact disaster countermeasures during holidays and nights. So in the capital specifically for the planning of three mobile communications base stations. And in the staff. A mobile radiotelephone device is installed in the home and related departments of disaster countermeasures personnel.

Fire Disaster Prevention Wireless Network

Fire prevention and disaster prevention radio network belongs to the radio network connecting fire department and prefectures. This wireless network consists of terrestrial and satellite systems:

(1) Ground system. To inform the national prefectures by telephone or fax. It is also used to collect and communicate disaster information.

(2) Satellite systems ( regional satellite communications networks ) . This is a satellite communication network that connects the fire department and about 4,200 local public bodies throughout the country . The prefectures, cities, towns and villages and the firefighting headquarters are notified by telephone or fax. They can also use individual communications to collect and transmit disaster information ( including image information ) , and can enrich disaster prevention communication systems to supplement the inadequacies of the ground system functions.

Disaster Prevention Administration Wireless Network

The disaster prevention administrative radio network is divided into metropolitan prefectures, prefectures and cities and towns and villages. It is used to connect metropolitan prefectures and cities, towns and villages with the designated administrative agencies and their related disaster prevention authorities to collect and transmit related disaster information.

At present, the disaster-prevention administrative wireless network of cities, towns and villages has been extended to the block level. Through this system, the government can transmit various disaster information to families in a timely manner. SCHOOL. Hospitals and other institutions. Become an important communication channel and means for disasters.

Disaster Prevention Communication Network

To solve the earthquake. With regard to the on-site communication of large-scale disasters such as hurricanes, the Japanese government has established a disaster-prevention mutual communication network that can quickly allow the police station to be on site. Marine Security Agency. Land and Transport Department. Various disaster prevention agencies such as the fire department exchange information on various disaster relief sites to make it more effective. More targeted disaster relief and command.

Currently. This system has been introduced to various local public organizations in Japan. electricity company. Railway companies.

The Application of Modern Information Communication Technology in the Emergency of Public Emergency

Japan is one of the countries with the most advanced information and communication technologies in the world. Information and communication technologies are also at the forefront of the international application of emergency public emergency.

The application of mobile communication technology

Japan is the world's largest mobile communications application. The popularity of mobile phones is very high. Japanese companies such as SGI have developed a system that confirms personal safety after a natural disaster. The function of this system is implemented by mobile phones with Internet access and global positioning capabilities. The central and local disaster relief headquarters send an email to the owner of the mobile phone to confirm the security. The owner of the mobile phone responds with a mobile phone email based on the question. such. The location and basic conditions of each victim will be displayed on the information terminal of the disaster relief headquarters, which will be very helpful for disaster emergency relief work.

Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology

Radio frequency identification technology has been widely used in Japan. The application in disaster prevention and relief is also affixed with radio frequency identification tags on the road surface. The asylum seeker can clearly know the specific location of the safe haven through the portable device; in another example, if someone is buried in a rubble, he cannot move or call for help. if. A mobile phone with a built-in RFID tag will tell search and rescue personnel where the victim is, so that the rescuer can start the rescue at the fastest speed.

In addition, radio frequency identification tags can also achieve dialogue between people and people and places. By affixing this kind of label on relief supplies, you can grasp the amount of relief supplies, distribute the materials according to the number of people in each shelter, and allocate as much as possible. Another important application is when the identity of the wounded or the deceased cannot be identified. Information can be obtained through the radio frequency identification tags carried on their bodies to accurately identify their identities. This point plays an important role in the handling of major disasters.

Application of temporary wireless base station

When a severe natural disaster such as a strong earthquake or tsunami occurs, the wireless base station is vulnerable to destruction, thereby putting the mobile communication system in an awkward state. In order to continue to play a role in mobile communications in an emergency, Japanese companies have developed motorcycles. A wireless communication device that can act as a temporary wireless base station solves the problem of signal transmission of mobile communication.

This base station can receive the victim's cell phone signal, confirm their security situation, and pass the relevant situation to the ambulance personnel on the ambulance. This device can work for 4 hours with a rechargeable battery , and the motorcycle can charge the rechargeable battery. The transmission range of radio waves can reach 1 kilometer in diameter , which can basically meet the urgent needs of field communication.

Application of network technology

Rapidly forecasting before an earthquake is very important for taking effective measures. Japan Meteorological Agency has begun to use network technology to achieve rapid earthquake emergency forecast . To reduce the degree of damage. Specifically, is the home and office appliances, doors, etc. and the Internet to link up automatically by a computer control, when the seismometer captured after P-wave seismic source, can be 3 - 5 seconds after the release of emergency forecast, the system received After the emergency earthquake is quickly forecasted, the fire source can be cut off immediately. In general, seismic waves that span from a few tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers away from the source are only about 3O seconds away. In this way, countermeasures can be taken in advance from areas where the source is far away from the source within 30 seconds before the earthquake occurs , which can effectively reduce the damage caused by the earthquake. At present, this system is being applied throughout the country.

At the same time, network technology has begun to show its strength in building shock absorption. Japan's Dacheng Construction Company is trying to apply network technology to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes to buildings. They installed sensors on the roof of the building or close to the building, installed a telescopic device called "regulator" and rubber between the building and the ground. When the sensor perceives the shaking of the building caused by the earthquake. The detailed data is transmitted directly to the computer through the network, and the computer controls the current to the regulator according to the degree of shaking , adjusts the degree of expansion and contraction, and reduces the degree of shaking of the building, thereby damping the building.

In addition. Rescue robots using network technology have also played an increasingly important role in various types of disaster relief. For example, using a flying robot equipped with a global positioning system to make a system for unsupervised monitoring of typhoons and earthquakes can effectively predict wind and earthquake disasters. In the future, it will be able to accept the disaster relief headquarters. New robots that can communicate with rescuers. It will play an increasingly important role in disaster relief on the ground, in the air, and indoors.

The effectiveness of the emergency informationization construction of public emergency in Japan

The Japanese government has vigorously promoted the construction of emergency public emergency informationization in the past ten years, and the results achieved are very significant. This can be seen from the government ’s Great Eastern Hanshin Earthquake in 1995 and Honshu Island in 2003 . The different reactions made by the earthquake in the northeast region have been confirmed.

Lessons from the Great Hanshin Earthquake

As a world-recognized big information country, Japan is very good at collecting, analyzing, and utilizing various kinds of intelligence. However, the Great Hanshin Earthquake left exactly the painful lesson of the huge casualties and property losses caused by the unfavorable disaster reporting system.

Great Hanshin Earthquake occurred on January 17, 1995 5:46 early in the morning. After 35 minutes, the Meteorological Agency issued only to the National Land Agency Fax Kobe earthquake of six (later changed to 7), until the National Land Agency who saw the fax, the earthquake has passed more than one hour. When the report of the National Land Agency arrived at the prime minister's residence, it was already five hours after the earthquake . The prime minister's official residence has become a blank area for information at the critical moment of disasters, " which means there is no way to make use of the functions of the government's central decision-making command.

Because the consequences of unobstructed information are very serious, not only does the Cabinet Security Security Office fail to timely and effectively exert the role of the central government emergency management central agency in emergency situations, but the Japanese government is unresponsive and improper measures, and treats the magnitude 7 earthquake as general. to deal with the disaster, leading to more than 6,000 people dead and missing and the number of injured as high as more than 40,000 houses damaged nearly 250,000, is Japan since 1923 Kanto earthquake disaster and greatest single loss, caused a strong criticism of public opinion.

The effect of the Honshu earthquake

After the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the Japanese government carried out a deep reflection and started by improving the emergency management information transmission mechanism and constructing an emergency management information internet. A series of large investments and constructions were made. Finally, such a technology was advanced and covered the whole country. The disaster-free wireless communication network provided high-tech hardware support for the Japanese government to collect disaster-disposal information and enabled the Japanese government to improve its ability to cope with disasters.

2003 May 26 evening, a magnitude 7 earthquake occurred northeast region of Honshu island. As it was ready, a series of response measures started:

Once the earthquake occurred, due to prior preparation, a series of related activities that may be affected by the earthquake disaster stopped immediately: the Shinkansen trains in the north region stopped automatically and the Tohoku Electric Power Company built a nuclear power station at the junction of the two rivers of Ogawa and Hara in Miyagi Prefecture. The generators in operation are shut down automatically; the production lines of cement, oil refining, and paper mills in Iwate and Miyagi prefectures in severe disaster conditions are automatically shut down; the household gas in the Northeast and even the Kanto region is automatically shut down under the influence of the automatic controller.

1-2 minutes after the earthquake occurred , the TV picture randomly appeared news of the earthquake in the northeast region. From the video recorded by the TV camera stationed on the roof of the building, a large area of ​​houses in the epicenter of the earthquake can be seen shaking. It can be seen from the helicopter transmission that a small building in Sendai City caught fire. Police Headquarters and Iwate, Miyagi, Yamagata and other county police headquarters started the disaster prevention countermeasure headquarters and collected disaster information from the local police agencies; the Defense Agency started countermeasure headquarters, and understood and grasped the situation according to the preplan requirements; the northeastern side of the Ground Self-Defense Forces The general staff entered the extraordinary state and sent people to the disaster area.

Six minutes after the earthquake , the Prime Minister’s Bureau Crisis Management Center quickly set up an earthquake countermeasures room; an emergency meeting was held with the main leaders of various government departments and decided to collect relevant information from the earthquake countermeasure room; Cabinet Office, National Land Transport Agency, Maritime Security Offices, General Affairs Offices, etc. start measures rooms or contact rooms.

More than 10 minutes after the earthquake , the camera helicopter of the Miyagi Prefectural Police Headquarters sent images of the disaster area in aerial photography to the prime minister’s residence.

21 minutes after the earthquake, stationed at the root of the city of Yamagata Prefecture Japan Air Self-Defense Force and stationed sixth flight Qinglin county Hachinohe 9 of 14 helicopters and other flying team belongs out, to go and to observe the situation; 9 The helicopter belonging to the flight team found a fire in the city of Ichinomiya, Iwate Prefecture.

After the earthquake 1 . In five hours, the Minister of Disaster Prevention of the Japanese Cabinet held a press conference at the Prime Minister’s Palace. He announced that the government had judged the earthquake: there were some losses, but the scale was modest. It is not necessary to start the Central Disaster Countermeasures Headquarters.

Two hours after the earthquake , the Japanese Defense Agency chief called the Bureau Directors to hold an emergency meeting to study the collected earthquake conditions and the countermeasures that should be taken.

Compared with the Great Hanshin Earthquake, the Japanese government responded extremely quickly to the earthquake on Honshu Island. The response was very effective. The damage caused was relatively minor. A total of 145 people were injured. 450 houses suffered different degrees of damage, fully demonstrating modern emergency communications. The significant role that information systems play in the emergency public emergency.

Japan is a country that faces serious threats from sudden public events, and it is also one of the most effective countries in emergency management in the world. As a result, Taiwan Province of China has basically copied its emergency management system. Japan’s emergency informatization construction starts with the improvement of infrastructure construction, fully applies various advanced information and communication technologies, and builds an efficient, strict, emergency information system that suits actual national conditions. Its experience and practices are better for us. Grasping the direction and trend of the development of emergency informatization and accelerating the pace of the development of emergency informatization are not without benefits.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.