Since the birth of the first synthetic diamond in 1963, after more than 50 years of development, China's superhard materials have formed a relatively complete and huge new industrial system, and have gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong. It has achieved a wave of high-level achievements, and it has a dominant position in the world, and is facing a new peak of overall prosperity. The road to development is uneven, with endless risks and challenges. In the turmoil of international political and business environment in recent years, under the adjustment of national economic policies, the development of the industry has encountered unprecedented pressure. Fortunately, in 2017, it has already bottomed out and began to resume growth. In order to brave the tide in the future development, to develop and advance, and to achieve the great goal of superhard material power as soon as possible, the author thinks about the main challenges that may affect the development of the industry, and is willing to give insights to readers in order to criticize and correct.
1. The unpredictable challenges of the international political and business situation
As we all know, the United States began anti-dumping on China and South Korea's diamond circular saw blades since 2005. Europe and the United States have repeatedly anti-dumping our user industry - photovoltaic products and related products; in 2018, the United States launched almost all of China's exports to the United States. Commodity trade warfare, including superhard materials, has a very negative impact on the development of the industry. In the future, there may be trade frictions in the pattern. It can be said that any friction with Chinese manufacturing goods will have an impact on the super-hard materials industry, because super-hard materials are used in all manufacturing industries. I have a strong extroversion in the industry, especially the large-scale diamond saw blades and thin-walled drills, and there are many large and medium-sized enterprises that are mainly export-oriented. The solution is to pay attention to international political and business dynamics, accelerate transformation and upgrading, popularize high-end products, and occupy high-end import markets to develop international high-end customer base. According to the Caishui [2018] No. 123 text, since November 1, 2018, the export tax rebate rate for superhard material abrasives, knives, circular saw blades and other products has been improved, and the export-oriented super-hard materials products enterprises are a major advantage.
2. National development policy challenges
There are many national policy formulation and management departments, including the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Finance, as well as industry and commerce, taxation, customs, etc., all of which will introduce some development policies for the manufacturing industry, all of which are closely related to the development of the superhard materials industry. .
Superhard materials are small industries. Under the planned economic system in the early stage and after the birth, they are managed by a single machine department, and the first machine department is assigned to the small abrasive industry. Abrasives and abrasives that are naturally positioned in the machinery industry in the industry catalogue of the State Council, even after the revision of the National Professional Code in 2011, this has been deeply imprinted in various ministries and commissions. When industrial enterprises declare various types of government-supported projects such as scientific research and development, industrialization, etc., there is generally no superhard material in the industry classification catalogue, and the classification varies greatly from place to place. In particular, Henan, as a major province of abrasives and abrasives, once restricted the production of abrasive materials in the superhard materials industry during the environmental supervision period.
Superhard materials and products are high-efficiency, high-precision, energy-saving, green and environmentally friendly products, and have excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, acoustic, electrical and chemical properties. They enjoy the praise of “King of Materials†and are extremely versatile materials. . Utilizing its super-hard mechanical properties, it can process all the known materials in the world; with its unparalleled thermo-acoustic electrical properties, it can be used for astronaut cosmic ray protection, stealth anti-corrosion of cutting-edge weapons and equipment, and improve missile flight speed and strike accuracy. High-power laser detection can also be used in cutting-edge fields such as large-scale integrated circuits and LED new light source heat sinks. It is irreplaceable and is the best material and tool for smart manufacturing worldwide. In summary, superhard materials should be classified as new materials. In fact, on November 7, 2018, the National Bureau of Statistics issued Order No. 23 to explicitly include diamonds, cubic boron nitride, and materials and products made of these two materials and metals in strategic emerging industries and given nationals. Economic industry code, see Table 1. Unfortunately, there are no composite materials and products made of diamond and cubic boron nitride and ceramics and resins.
*: means that the products and services listed in the last column of the table belong to strategic emerging industries.
There have been policies that are unfavorable to the development of the industry: the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation issued a document in 2008.4.14, and the National Science and Technology Commission [2008] No. 172: Notice on Printing and Distributing the Measures for the Administration of High-tech Enterprises. In its annex "High-tech fields supported by the state", "four: new material technology, (2) inorganic non-metallic materials, 3, artificial crystal growth technology" in the articles specifically marked "except for six-sided diamond." That is to say, diamond production enterprises are not in the category of high-tech enterprises. It has had a major impact on the development of the industry.
The results of many years of efforts by the association:
1). State-run "Special Report Information" (726) 2010.5.31: Adopting the information of China International Engineering Consulting Company "China Consulting Company recommends vigorously supporting the development of super-hard materials technology." State Councilor Liu Yandong said in the article: Please consult Comrade Wan Gang to study and support this technical advantage and maintain my absolute superiority. 2010.6.1
2). Jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Commerce, and the Intellectual Property Office on 2011.6.23: "Currently Guided Priority Areas for High-tech Industrialization (2011)", Its annex: "The current priority development of high-tech industrialization key areas guide (2011)": four, new materials, 42. special functional materials, new super-hard materials and equipment
3). The Central Government website announces Guofa [2011] No. 32 document 2011.10.7: The State Council's guidance on supporting Henan Province to accelerate the construction of the Central Plains Economic Zone. In the text: Third, accelerate the process of new industrialization and build a modern industrial system. (12) Actively cultivate strategic emerging industries: superhard materials
4). The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the “12th Five-Year Plan†2011.9 of the new material industry, and superhard materials were included under the artificial crystals in the new materials.
5). The State Council issued the National Twelfth Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan, Guofa [2012] No. 28, 2012.7.9. In the text: Third, the key development direction and main tasks. (6) New materials industry 1. New functional materials industry, super hard materials and products.
Now the state agencies and personnel have been adjusted. New leaders and local government officials are not very concerned about small industries with super-hard materials. The introduction of new documents is easy to ignore. Industry organizations and influential large enterprises should vigorously maintain and consolidate existing achievements, strengthen the propaganda industry, actively study national policies, and make timely recommendations to strive for a good development policy for the industry. Once there is a leak, it will take years of effort to make a difference.
3. Challenges in terms of innovation
The problem of insufficient innovation capacity exists in China's entire manufacturing industry. The super-hard materials industry is not only that but also seems to be more serious. The first is that the institutions are not sound and the institutions are not in close contact. There are almost no innovation institutions in the enterprise. If there is one, it can only be called a research and development institution for improving products. It is difficult for such organizations to engage in basic theory or innovative research because there are no well-equipped equipments in the organization, and some even have venues. Shared with the production workshop. With the strong support of the state, the university has purchased a large number of internationally advanced large-scale equipment and instruments, and the conditions for innovation and development have basically reached the international first-class level. However, universities pay more attention to the research of theoretical and cutting-edge technologies, and publish the purpose of collecting papers in high-level publications such as SCI. It is stronger, the proportion of industrialization of results is low, and it is not closely related to industrial development. The industry has built a national-level engineering technology research center, a national key laboratory and other public platforms. According to the national requirements, it is an institution that solves the problem of industrial innovation and industrialization in the industry, but it does not operate independently and is mainly developed for the support unit. service.
In 2013, the world-famous Element Six Company announced that it has set up a full-service in Havel, near Oxford, England.
The Ball Innovation Center, which covers an area of ​​5,000 square meters and costs 30 million pounds, is the world's largest and highest-end research and development center for superhard materials. Integrating Element Six's global innovation team with more than 100 scientists and technical experts. It is said that they come from different ethnic groups in more than 30 countries, with a view to different strange habits. With such an organization and such a team, why can't he produce a generation, a research and development generation, and a reserve generation? Why is there no invention and creation? In fact, Element Six has introduced innovative products such as diamond scalpels, diamond wastewater treatment, and conductive high thermal conductivity CVD diamond film heat sinks in recent years.
At present, it is difficult for domestic SMEs to have such strength, but is it possible for large companies with strength to invest in such large and advanced R&D institutions? Will it put money and energy into other product areas across the spectrum?
The second biggest challenge to the lack of innovation is the lack of high-end talent and the waste of high-end talent. High-end talents must have high compensation and an environment suitable for their work. It is difficult for existing industries to attract high-end talents and work environment to attract top international talents. If high-end talents are introduced, it will be difficult for them to engage in research work with one heart and one mind in the context of becoming more and more profitable. From the employment mechanism, first-class technical talents seem to be first-class management talents. Naturally, they will be given a certain position, so that they do not have enough time to do research and do their best to kill their innovative passion and ability. Isn't this a waste of talent?
4. Intellectual property challenges
We are in an era of information explosion and knowledge explosion. New materials, new processes, new methods, new equipment, and new instruments are emerging one after another. There are many developed countries that have created these new products. People are becoming more and more aware of the protection of their own intellectual property rights. If foreign countries open up new fields of new superhard materials and tools for processing new materials in the future, and apply for patents for tools and their processing methods in China, we are not excluded from this. Is it outside the new field? To enter this new field, you have to pay a high patent fee. Therefore, we must fully understand the development of the world, track cutting-edge technology, strengthen patent awareness, and dare to apply for method patents. Actively develop and protect the industry's future development market in advance.
The protection of national intellectual property rights is also becoming stronger and stronger. In the future, the plagiarism of products and processes in the industry will be increasingly severely punished. Enterprises must develop their own unique products regardless of their size to be invincible.
5. The challenge of intelligent manufacturing and industrial reengineering
German Industry 4.0, American Industrial Remanufacturing, China Manufacturing 2025, etc., the core is intelligent manufacturing. As is known to all, developed countries have stronger industrial bases, higher levels of automation, and higher levels of raw materials. It is relatively easy to achieve intelligent manufacturing, and the speed may be faster than that of China. When all kinds of super-hard materials are fully automated or intelligently manufactured, multi-variety small batches and even single-piece customizations are likely to achieve fast delivery, and the manufacturing cost and price of products will drop significantly. Will the trial cycle be eliminated? Does the product price advantage due to cheap labor still exist? Will poor product quality stability be an Achilles heel? Will high-efficiency precision products that are already behind them be squeezed out of the market? In order to continue to maintain the dominant position of the world's super-hard materials, we must increase investment in automation and intelligent transformation, and accelerate the pace of transformation. This is a big challenge for the relatively weak industry conditions, especially for the manufacture of precision abrasive tools that still exist in hand-workshops!
6. Challenges in internationalization and customer service
The ultra-hard materials industry is better at internationalization. It is a single crystal and sawing drilling tool. This kind of product enterprise has set up a factory in foreign countries, and also has offices or agents in foreign countries. However, high-end product manufacturers such as gem-quality single crystals and precision grinding cutting tools have not seen any companies that set up factories abroad, and there will be at most part-time agents. High-end products require more and more timely services. It is difficult to provide effective services for users without network outlets nearby, which will naturally reduce the purchase of products. If you want to make a difference in the international market, you must set up a network there. Look at the high-end products of super-hard materials imported from China, and their producers all have outlets in China.
"Not only where there are users, but also where to set up, and the network should be able to provide perfect and timely services, to sell products to sell services, to provide users with complete solutions." This slogan has been called for many years, Actually, you are awkward.
According to a domestic company executive in Saint-Gobain, 80% of the company's profits come from services and 20% from products. What is the proportion of our corporate profit sources? The service here should be understood as providing solutions to users.
7. Other challenges
There are challenges in whether the supporting industrial sector can provide precise and fine raw and auxiliary materials, whether the market competition order is standardized, and brand building strength.
In short, from the perspective of industry development, as long as we pay close attention to transformation and upgrading, accelerate the cultivation of international high-end customer base; create a good policy environment; focus on improving innovation capabilities; strengthen the protection of independent intellectual property rights; and continuously improve the level of automated intelligent manufacturing; Customers provide high-quality solutions in the general direction; industry development will be invincible! At the same time, the supporting fields should adapt to the development needs of the industry, the market competition order should be standardized, and marketing, brand building and other aspects should also adapt to the new situation of manufacturing development in the new era.
I believe that the industry will continue to work hard and strive to achieve the great goal of becoming a superhard material power!
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