1 China's pigment standardization
1.1 Basic conditions
Since the establishment of the Standards Committee, through the joint efforts of standardization workers in the paint field, pigment standardization has made remarkable progress. At present, there are 62 pigment standards under the centralized management of the National Standardization Technical Committee for Paints and Pigments, including 45 national standards. There are 17 industry standards. The content includes standards applicable to the pigment field, pigment products, and test methods. These standards constitute the existing pigment national and industry standard system, which guides production, improves product quality, promotes trade, and promotes products. Application and development have played an important role.
The National Paint and Pigment Standardization Technical Committee Paint Division (TC5/SC8) is the centralized management department of pigment standards. It is mainly responsible for the standardization of pigments, and the main task is to organize the formulation and revision of pigment standards; as a technical support to coordinate with the country to formulate a standardized working guideline. And policy; according to the development of the industry, establish a table of standardization systems in the field; review and verify the standards on a regular basis; participate in pigment international standardization activities, position, track and analyze research on pigment international standards; standard publicity training; development of standard samples Issuance and so on.
At present, the adoption rate of standards for the use of international standards in the field of pigments in China is approximately 59%, and the majority of the standards for the adoption of standards are test method standards. The conversion rate of international standards for counterparts is 46%. The main reason for failure to timely convert to China's standards is Some constitution pigment standards and dispersion assessment methods and dispersion method standards.
1.2 Comparison between Domestic Pigment Standard System and International Pigment Standard System (ISO)
Pigment countries and industry standard systems have both commonalities and specificities compared to ISO. The international standards system is mainly composed of test methods and product standards. The national and industrial standard systems include the test methods and product standards in addition to the paints The basic standards of classification, sampling, sampling, etc. Among them, most of the pigment test methods adopt the corresponding international standard methods.
In addition to the basic standards (5 items), there are 57 national and industrial standards in the field of pigments, including 34 test method standards and 23 product standards, which are mainly composed of inorganic pigments and organic pigment product standards. There are 80 international standards, including test methods. 42 standards (most of which have been converted into national standards, of which 9 test method standards have been converted into paint standard systems), and 38 product standards, which consist of inorganic pigments and extender pigment standards, of which the organic pigment standards are 22 item.
The organic pigment product standard has no corresponding international standard, so the adoption of organic pigments is still blank. Although inorganic pigments can be used in international standards, due to the two indicators that embody the main characteristics of pigments - color and tinting strength, they are all international standards. “Agreedâ€, therefore, previously established standards are usually selected according to domestic practice according to the actual level of domestic standards, this practice is also a certain difference with the international common practice, the pigment standards developed in recent years have gradually reversed this approach and Keep in line with international standards, such as the titanium dioxide standard for approval in 2003, and the chromium green standard for approval in 2004.
2 parts of inorganic pigment product standards at home and abroad
2.1 Titanium dioxide pigment
Current National Standard: GB1706-1993 Titanium Dioxide Pigments
Current International Standard: ISO591-1:2000 Titanium Dioxide Pigments for Paint - Part 1: Specifications and Test Methods
To be issued national standards: GB/T1706-×××× "Titanium dioxide pigments"
The current national standard GB1706-1993 “Titanium Dioxide Pigments†has been revised and completed for approval in 2003. It is currently in the pending approval stage. The new standard (national standards to be released) has been modified using the international standard ISO591-1:2000, project setting and technical indicators. Completely in accordance with international standards. Because the standard does not involve personal health and safety, and does not involve environmental protection and other issues, its properties were changed from mandatory to recommended.
2.1.1 Compared with the previous edition GB1706-1993, the main changes are as follows:
1) The adopted international standard version. The new standard was revised using ISO591-1:2000, GB1706-1993 with reference to ISO591:1977;
2) Standard attributes. This standard is recommended, and GB1706-1993 is mandatory;
3) Product classification. The products in the new standard are divided into 2 types (anatase and rutile) and 5 varieties (A1, A2, R1, R2, and R3), which are completely consistent with international standards; 2 types are included in GB1706-1993. Types (anatase type and rutile type) 3 varieties (BA01-01, BA01-02 and BA01-03), each type is divided into 3 levels (qualified products, first-class products and superior products);
4) Standard sample. The agreed reference sample is used in the new standard, and the selected standard sample is adopted in GB1706-1993;
5) Determination of color and scattering force. The color measurement in the new standard retains the instrument method (GB/T5211.20-1999) added to the visual method in GB1706-1993. The scattering force is measured by the instrument method instead of the original standard. Visual determination of achromatic power;
6) Technical indicators. In order to meet the requirements of different uses of products, some properties such as oil absorption, water suspension pH and other project indicators were changed to agreed.
2.1.2 Compared with ISO591-1:2000, the new standard has made some changes to the technical content in addition to the edited and standard formats according to the requirements of GB/T1.1-2000. The major changes are as follows: :
1) The determination of TiO2 content in the new standard uses only the method A in ISO591-1:2000, and the method of Chromium (II) chloride reduction by B method is deleted;
2) The new standard refers to China's standards using international standards, rather than international standards;
3) The new standard adds "Chapter 8 Inspection Results" and "Chapter 9 Signs, Packaging, Transport, and Storage."
The release and implementation of the new standard will solve many problems in the implementation of the original "Titanium Dioxide Pigment" standard for many years (such as inappropriate standard attributes, low standard levels, limitations of standard samples, and large test errors in color and other items). , In order to enhance the international competitiveness of titanium dioxide products in China and promote titanium dioxide products to the international market has laid a good foundation.
2.2 Lead chrome yellow
Current national standards: GB/T3184-1993 "Lead Chrome Yellow"
Current edition of International Standards: ISO 3711:1990 "Lead chromate and lead molybdate pigments - Specification and test methods"
Japanese Industrial Standards: JISK5110:2005 Lead Chromate Pigments and Lead Molybdates Pigments
The current national standard GB/T3184-1993 "Lead Chrome Yellow" is non-equivalent and adopts the international standard ISO3711:1990. There are many problems in project setting and indicators, color and tinting strength determination methods, etc., which can not meet the needs of users Demand, at the request of a large number of production enterprises and users, the Secretariat submitted to the National Standards Committee in May 2005 a proposal report for the revision of the standard, which has now been approved and a revised standards working group is being formed.
2.2.1 GB/T 3184-1993 Compared with ISO 3711:1990, the main technical differences are:
1) Scope of application. GB/T3184-1993 does not include lead molybdate pigments, and because the standard does not control the "soluble lead content" and clearly does not apply to food packaging and toys, ISO 3711:1990 includes lead chromate pigments. And lead molybdate pigments;
2) Product classification and classification. According to GB/T3184-1993, there are five varieties according to different colors, each of which is divided into two grades. ISO3711:1990 is divided into two types: standard type (type 1) and stable type (type 2). );;
3) The standard sample. GB/T3184-1993 "selected standards", ISO3711:1990 "agreed reference pigment";
4) Project settings. Both are 13 items. GB/T 3184-1993 measures "lead chromate content" and ISO 3711: 1990 measures "soluble lead content". The remaining items (12 items) are the same;
5) Specifications. GB/T 3184-1993 specifies specific indicators, ISO 3711: 1990 in addition to 105 °C volatiles, water solubles, water extract pH, pH value of the aqueous suspension, sieve residue specified specific indicators, the remaining items All are agreed upon or compared with agreed reference pigments;
6) Test methods. Screen residue determination method - GB/T1715-79 used in GB/T3184-1993, ISO787/7 used in ISO3711:1990 (ISO787/7:1981 has been converted to GB/T5211.18-88 ); Determination of lightfastness - GB/T3184-1993 using GB/T1710, ISO3711: 1990 using ISO787/15; total lead content determination method - GB/T3184-1993 using only weight method (ie ISO3711: 1990 In the 6.1 weight method), the 6.2 titration analysis method in ISO3711:1990 was deleted, and two methods (6.1 weight method and 6.2 titration analysis method) were specified in ISO3711:1990.
2.2.2 JISK5110:2005 Compared with ISO3711:1990, the main technical differences are:
1) Determination of total lead content using only titration analysis (ie ISO 371 1 : 1990 6.2), deletion of ISO 371 1 : 1990 6.1 weight method; 2) Determination of soluble lead content using only AAS method (7.2.1 AAS method), deleted ISO 3711 : 1990 7.2.2 double * fluorene photometry;
3) In the product category, the color of the pigment is added to the international pigment index number.
The project to revise the national standard GB/T3184-1993 has officially started. The main contents of the revised standard will include the following aspects: increase the level of adoption; the name of the standard shall be changed to "lead chromate pigment and lead molybdate chromate pigment" to increase molybdenum chromium Lead acid pigment requirements; increase "soluble lead content" project; change color and tinctorial power from visual inspection to instrumentation; cancel selected national standards, etc., try to meet international standards, meet product development and export trade needs .
2.3 iron oxide pigment
Current domestic standards:
GB/T1863-1989 "iron oxide red pigment"
HG/T2249-1991 "Oxide Yellow Pigment"
HG/T2250-1991 "iron oxide black pigment"
HG/T3006-1986 "Mica Iron Oxide"
Current edition of international standards:
ISO1248:1974 "Iron oxide pigments for paints"
ISO10601:1993 "Mica Iron Oxide Pigments for Paints"
Other foreign standards:
ASTMD768-2001 Hydrated Iron Oxide Yellow Pigment
ASTMD769-2001 Synthetic Iron Oxide Black Pigment
ASTMD3721-83 (1999) Synthetic Iron Oxide Red Pigment
ASTMD3722-82 (1999) Natural Iron Oxide Red and Iron Oxide Brown Pigments
ASTMD3724-2001 Synthetic Iron Oxide Brown Pigment
ASTMD5532-94 (1999) Mica Iron Oxide Pigment for Paint (2004 Repealed)
GB/T1863-1989, HG/T2249-1991, HG/T2250-1991 and ISO1248: 1974 comparison, the above three standards are referenced using ISO1248: 1974, the three standards in the control project and ISO1248: 1974 in accordance with the provisions of the main The differences are as follows: 1) Scope of application: The scope of ISO 1248:1974 applies to all synthetic and natural iron oxide pigments used in paints, including micaceous iron oxide, which are separately defined in domestic standards;
2) Product Classification. GB/T1863-1989 "iron oxide red pigment" according to the production process into three categories: mixed acid method, ** method and roasting method, each class is divided into two levels (a product, qualified products). HG / T2249-1991 "Oxide Yellow Pigment" and HG/T2250-1991 "iron oxide black pigment" are divided into two grades (primary product, qualified product). ISO1248: 1974 products are classified as follows: grouped by color (red, Yellow, brown, black, metallic luster ash) classified by iron content (A, B, C, D) according to water soluble and water soluble salt type (I, II, III type), graded by sieve residue (1, 2, 3, etc.) According to source level (a, b, c, d levels);
3) National standards are used in selected national standards, and agreed reference pigments are used in ISO1248:1974;
4) HG/T2249-1991 "iron oxide yellow pigment" and HG/T2250-1991 "iron oxide black pigment" in the screening residue measured using GB/T1715, ISO1248: 1974 sieve residue determination method using ISO787/7.
In 2003, Germany proposed a revision of the international standard ISO1248: 1974 work program. Due to the small number of member units participating in the working group, the project was not approved. The draft proposed by Germany suggested that: 1 The scope of application should be changed, excluding micaceous iron oxide, transparent iron oxide, granular Gray Iron Oxide and Magnetic Iron Oxide Pigment, also add color index number to pigment color classification; 2 increase iron content by B method (potentiometric titration method); 3 increase total calcium content by flame atomic absorption spectrometry; 4 add in appendix A method for the determination of mercury in the waste liquid containing iron.
The control project in ISO 10601:1993 "Mica Iron Oxide Pigment for Paints" is similar to the project in ISO1248: 1974, adding the method for evaluating the shape of flake-like particles. Mica iron oxide pigments were originally included in ISO 1248:1974 and were later independently It came up with standards. Currently the international standard is being revised.
Compared with ISO10601:1993, HG/T3006-1986 has seven items of control items in the former standard: iron content (Fe2O3), volatiles at 105°C, water solubles, screening residue, aqueous suspension pH, oil absorption, silicon dioxide Content. The latter standard has eight control items: iron content (Fe2O3), volatiles at 105°C, water solubles, screening residue, aqueous suspension pH, oil absorption, total calcium content, and evaluation of flake-like particle shapes. The six items in the control project are the same. The main differences are: the determination of silica content in HG/T3006-1986, and the determination of total calcium in ISO10601:1993, in addition to the evaluation method of flake-like particle shape.
2.4 Lide powder
The current national standard: GB/T1707-1995 "Lide Powder"
Current edition of International Standard: ISO 473: 1982 "Zinc White Pigments for Paints"
GB/T 1707-1995 is equivalent to adopting ISO 473:1982. The two control projects are consistent. The main technical differences are:
1) Product classification. GB/T1707-1995 products use only 30% of the ISO473: 1982 variety, specifically divided into 4 varieties (B301, B302, B311, B312), each species is divided into 3 levels; ISO473: 1982 Products are divided into two categories, 30% and 60%;
2) Standard sample. GB/T 1707-1995 adopts selected national standard samples, and adopts agreed reference pigments in ISO 473:1982;
3) GB/T 1707-1995 refers to China's standards using international standards, rather than international standards.
2.5 Zinc oxide
Current national standards: GB/T3185-1992 "Zinc Oxide (Indirect Method)"; GB/T3494-1996 "Direct Oxidation Zinc"
International Standard: None
US ASTM D79-86 (1999) "Zinc Oxide Pigments"
Japanese Industrial Standard JISK1410-1995 "Zinc Oxide"
GB/T3185-1992 “Zinc Oxide (Indirect Method)†adds some items based on JISK1410-1983 “Zinc Oxideâ€. There are 13 control items in GB/T3185-1992, as follows: ZnO, 105°C Volatilization Object, water soluble, lead oxide (Pb), sieve residue, metal (as Zn), manganese oxide (as Mn), copper oxide (Cu), insoluble, burning Decrease, oil absorption, color, achromatic power.
There are six control items in JISK1410-1983, as follows: ZnO, moisture, water solubles, lead (Pb), screening residue, cadmium (in CD).
There are 15 control items in GB/T 3494-1996, which are as follows: color, ZnO, moisture, water solubles, lead oxide, copper oxide, manganese, metallic zinc, insolubles, ignition loss, screening residue, oil absorption , Achromatic power, cadmium oxide, hiding power.
ASTMD79-86 (1999) “Zinc Oxide Pigments†has seven control items: zinc oxide content, *content, moisture (volatiles), total impurities (including moisture (volatiles)), coarse particles (sieve residue), oil absorption Quantity, coloring power.